apush period 3 part 2 broad summary quiz

First antislavery society (who and when)

Founded by Quakers in Philadelphia in 1775, sparking early antislavery activism.

How did the Revolution affect slavery?

Inspired gradual abolition in the North, creation of free Black communities, and the 1807 ban on slave importation.

Political impact of the Revolution

States wrote new republican constitutions with weak governors, strong legislatures, and Bills of Rights.

Massachusetts’ innovation in its state constitution

Required changes only through constitutional conventions, later influencing the U.S. Constitution.

What was “Republican Motherhood”?

The belief that women should be educated to raise virtuous citizens for a successful republic.

Abigail Adams’ contribution to women’s rights

Urged her husband to “remember the ladies” when forming the new government.

Articles of Confederation – type of government created

A loose confederation where states held most power and the central government was weak.

Main powers of Congress under the Articles

Could wage war, print money, handle diplomacy, and resolve state disputes, but could not tax or enforce laws.

Voting rules under the Articles

Each state had one vote; 9 of 13 required for laws, unanimous for amendments.

Major weakness of the Articles

Central government was bankrupt by 1780 and its paper money was worthless.

Event revealing the Articles’ weaknesses

Shays’ Rebellion (1786) — uprising that pushed leaders to strengthen the government.

Constitutional Convention (where and when)

Philadelphia, 1787 — delegates met in secret to create a new constitution.

“Father of the Constitution”

“Father of the Constitution”

Virginia Plan

Proposed strong central government, three branches, bicameral legislature, and representation based on population

New Jersey Plan

Favored equal votes per state in a unicameral legislature.

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

Created a bicameral Congress — Senate (equal representation) and House (representation by population).

Three-Fifths Compromise

Counted each enslaved person as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation.

Fugitive Slave Clause

Required free states to return escaped enslaved people to their owners.

How the president was chosen

Through the Electoral College, reflecting both population and state representation.

Federalists’ main beliefs

Supported a strong central government to preserve order and unity.

Key Federalist leaders

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin.

The Federalist Papers

85 essays by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay defending the Constitution.

Main argument of Federalist No. 10

A large republic prevents tyranny by balancing many competing interests (factions).

Antifederalists’ main concerns

Feared tyranny, wanted strong state governments and a Bill of Rights.

Key Antifederalist leaders

Patrick Henry, George Mason, Melancton Smith.

Patrick Henry, George Mason, Melancton Smith.

Nine of thirteen.

Two major states with close votes for ratification

Virginia (89–79) and New York (30–27).

What did Federalists promise to gain support?

Addition of a Bill of Rights.

When were the Bill of Rights adopted?

1791, as the first ten amendments

Purpose of the Bill of Rights

To protect individual freedoms like speech, religion, and due process.

How ratification shaped U.S. identity

It created the first national political community and unified Americans under one Constitution.