PLUS 2nd midterm

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In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______.

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1

In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______.

a relational concern for both leaders and followers

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2

The "natural leader" trait definition of leadership ______.

is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics

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3

Chief executive officers of any company have ______.

legitimate power

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4

Who is responsible for the leadership process?

Followers and leaders

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5

The statement "They are a born leader" suggests a

trait definition of leadership

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6

Coercive leadership ______.

is forcing followers to do something with penalties and rewards

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7

The primary functions of leadership are ______.

establishing direction, aligning people, inspiring others

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8

One key to emerging as a leader ______.

is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable

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9

Which of the following bases of power is considered personal power?

referent

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10

The trait definition of leadership suggests ______.

leadership occurs because of who the leader is

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11

Coercive leadership is not considered ideal leadership as defined in this text because ______.

influence in leadership includes followers and leaders working toward a common goal

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12

Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because ______.

it is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex

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13

Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint suggests leadership is accessible by all.

process

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14

You are told you need to work weekends. Your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power is your supervisor using?

reward

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15

Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is ______.

reward

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16

The process definition of leadership implies ______.

leadership is reciprocal between leaders and followers

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17

Which approach to classifying leadership involves learnable capabilities that make leadership possible?

skills

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18

The approach known as servant leadership ______.

focuses on followers needs

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19

Which of the following is most accurate about leaders and followers?

leaders have an ethical responsibility to followers

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20

The origins of the study of leadership can be traced back to ______.

ancient Greeks

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21

Which part of the leadership definition offered in the textbook gives leadership its ethical tone?

influence

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22

A process view of leadership means that ______.

anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader

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23

The essential ingredient in leadership is ______.

influence

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24

Intelligence as a leadership trait is associated with ______.

verbal ability

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25

Self-esteem and self-assurance are associated with which leadership trait?

self-confidence

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26

Which leadership trait is associated with having grit?

determination

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27

Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with leadership?

extraversion

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28

Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______.

empathy

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29

What is the emphasis of the trait approach?

Role of the leader

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30

The skills approach, like the trait approach, takes a(n) ______ perspective on leadership.

leader-centered

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31

Human skills is about

working with people

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32

Conceptual skills are

ability to work with ideas

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33

Which of the following problem-solving skills can best be described as the ability to define noteworthy issues or significant problems affecting the organization?

problem definition

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34

Which of the following problem-solving skills can best be described as the ability to anticipate the implications of executing a plan?

forecasting

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35

Environmental factors are those influences that are ______.

outside a leader's competencies and characteristics

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36

The two leadership outcomes outlined in the skills model are ______.

effective problem solving and performance

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37

The skills approach works by providing a ______ that shows how a person can become an effective leader.

map

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38

The behavioral approach focuses on ______.

leader actions

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39

The behavioral approach emphasizes which two types of leader behaviors?

task and relationship

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40

Middle-of-the-road management best describes leaders who are ______.

compromising

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41

Which leadership style, according to Blake and Mouton, includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?

paternalism/maternalism

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42

______ refers to a leader who uses any combination of the five basic styles for the purpose of personal advancement.

Opportunism

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43

The behavioral approach is considered a ______ that provides a conceptual map to help leaders understand their behaviors.

model

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44

The behavioral approach has been criticized for implying that a ______ leadership style is most effective.

high task—high relationship

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45

According to the behavioral approach, managers are continually engaged in which types of leader behaviors?

task and relationship

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46

What two leadership dimensions are highlighted in the situational approach?

directive and supportive behaviors

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47

The situational leadership model is divided into two parts: ______.

leadership style and follower development level

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48

Commitment in the situational leadership approach can be defined as ______.

having motivation and confidence in doing the work

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49

In path-goal theory, the main components are ______.

leader behaviors, follower characteristics, task characteristics, and motivation

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50

Leaders who give followers instructions about task accomplishment are using ______ leadership behaviors.

directive

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51

Supportive leadership in path-goal theory is very similar to which concept from the behavioral approach?

consideration

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52

Leaders who are friendly and approachable are using ______ leadership behaviors.

supportive

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53

Leaders who invite their followers to share in the decision-making process are using ______ leadership behaviors.

participative

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54

Challenging followers to perform work at the highest levels possible is an example of which leadership behavior?

achievement-oriented

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55

Leaders who challenge their followers to seek continuous improvement are using ______ leadership behaviors.

achievement-oriented

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56

One of the key strengths of path-goal theory is its ______.

practical nature

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57

A recent criticism of path-goal theory is that is does not account for ______.

virtual working conditions that separate leaders and followers

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58

LMX theory focuses on ______.

the dyadic relationship between the leader and follower

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59

The early studies of LMX identified what two vertical linkages?

in-groups and out-groups

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60

In the early stages of leader-member relationship development, leaders look for followers who exhibit which behaviors?

enthusiasm and willingness to participate

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61

The leader's emotions generally play a significate role in which stage of the LMX relationship?

acquaintance phase

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62

The dyadic relationship in LMX is ______.

both descriptive and prescriptive

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63

In-group members ______.

get more information from leaders

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64

Out-group members ______.

act differently than in-group members

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65

A strength of the LMX approach is its focus on the importance of ______ in leadership.

personality

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66

Which of the following is a criticism of LMX?

LMX does not fully explain the creation of high-quality exchanges.

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67

Transformational leadership often incorporates which types of leadership?

visionary and charismatic

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68

Some research has suggested that interest in transformational leadership may be exaggerated and perhaps not as relevant now that ______ are flooding into the workplace.

nontraditional workers

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69

Authentic transformational leadership is ______ leadership.

socialized

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70

Charismatic leaders often communicate high expectations for followers in hopes of increasing followers'______.

self-efficacy

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71

According to the Full Range model, which transformational factor describes leaders who communicate high expectations to followers and inspire them to share the organization's vision?

inspirational motivation

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72

Which factor of transformational leadership supports followers as they try new approaches and develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues?

intellectual stimulation

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73

Contingent reward is a process in which effort by followers is exchanged for ______.

specific payoffs

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74

Which type of leadership gives no feedback and makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs?

laissez-faire

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75

To create change, transformational leaders ______.

become strong role models for their followers

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76

Authentic leadership focuses on ______.

leadership that is genuine

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77

Some of the main concepts of authentic leadership were identified earlier as part of which approach?

transformational

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78

Which perspective of authentic leadership is concerned with a leader's self-knowledge and self-concept?

intrapersonal

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79

Which characteristic of authentic leadership refers to a leader's strong sense of self and their clear direction toward where they are going?

purpose

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80

The early research on authentic leadership grew out of an underdeveloped area within which leadership approach?

the trait approach

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81

______ refers to a leader's self-efficacy or the belief that they have the ability to accomplish a task.

Confidence

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82

What is the name of the group of factors that predispose or enhance a leader's capacity to develop components of authentic leadership?

positive psychological capacities

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83

Servant leadership can be viewed as a set of ______.

behaviors

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84

______ refers to the servant leader characteristic in which the leader is a visionary and solves problems in creative ways.

Conceptualization

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85

______ refers to the servant leader characteristic in which the leader "stands in the shoes" of others.

Empathy

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86

According to Liden et al., the three main components of the servant leadership model are ______.

servant leader behaviors, antecedent conditions, leadership outcomes

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87

Which is an antecedent condition of servant leadership?

follower receptivity

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88

Which leader behavior is the defining characteristic of Liden's servant leadership model?

putting followers first

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89

According to the model of servant leadership, an expected outcome for followers is increased ______.

work performance

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90

The three outcomes of servant leadership are ______.

follower performance and growth, societal impact, organizational performancefollower performance and growth, societal impact, organizational performance

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91

Organizations that adopt a servant leadership culture are typically interested in ______.

helping those in need outside the organization

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92

Adaptive leadership is ______.

follower centered

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93

The process of adaptive leadership incorporates ideas from which perspectives?

business, economics, systems, and psychology

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94

Adaptive leadership has been conceptualized as a subset of which leadership theory?

complexity leadership theory

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95

The model of adaptive leadership addresses which kinds of situational challenges?

technical, technical and adaptive, and adaptive

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96

According to the adaptive leadership model, who solves adaptive challenges?

leaders and followers

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97

Which leader behavior is a prerequisite for the other adaptive leader behaviors?

get on the balcony

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98

In adaptive leadership, leaders and followers mutually affect each other, making leadership a complex interactive process. This is ______.

a strength of adaptive leadership

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99

A strength of the adaptive leadership approach is that it is ______.

follower centered

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100

Which of the following is a criticism of adaptive leadership?

Empirical research is lacking.

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