AP World History Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for AP World History exam review, based on lecture notes covering East Asia, Buddhism, Korea, Japan, Islam, Dar al-Islam, Southeast Asia, Africa, Mesoamerica, Europe, Mongols, Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, Manchu Qing dynasty, Japan, Russia, Songhai, Mexico, South America, religion exploration, rebellions, revolutions, joint stock companies, exploration, joint stock companies, Queen Nzinga and Queen Nanny.

Song Dynasty

Major impactful dynasty in early China.

Confucianism

A philosophy emphasizing conformity, order, and hierarchy in relationships; emphasizes the importance of societal roles and filial piety.

Buddhism

Originated in India from Siddhartha Gautama; emphasizes the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment and escape suffering.

Goryeo Dynasty

Dynasty in Korea (918-1392); emperor-led authoritarian state with a Buddhist government.

Heian Dynasty

Period in Japan (794-1185) with a centralized government similar to China (Fujiwara family); limited contact with the rest of the world.

Quran

The holy book of Islam, containing Muhammad's visions and stories.

Jizya Tax

The tax imposed on non-Muslims in Islamic territories.

House of Wisdom

A center of trade and scholarship in the Abbasid Dynasty, promoting Muslim and non-Muslim learning.

Srivijaya Empire

Syncretic empire in Southeast Asia blending religious and political ideas; controlled trade between India and China.

Khmer Empire

Empire in Southeast Asia, controls modern Cambodia, Vietnam, & Laos, featuring Angkor Wat, a vast Hindu>Buddhist complex.

Delhi Sultanate

Turkish Muslim group that invaded Northern India in the early 1200s; established Islamic rule in India.

Timbuktu

A West African city that converted to Islam and was ruled by Mansa Musa.

Chinampas

An advanced agricultural system in Mesoamerica that created islands to grow maize.

Animism

Religious belief held by the Aztecs (spiritual, priest kings).

Terraced farming

Layers of crops; beans, quinoa, potatoes.

Byzantine Empire

The most advanced European region; structured/stable government (king/monarchy)

Kievan Rus

Eastern Russia & Northern Europe; Slavic speaking people North of Byzantine empire

Feudalism

A system in which land and services were exchanged.

Land system

A system where the Catholic Church gives Kings land for money.

Trickle-Down Economics

System where peasants give crops and taxes to vassals, who pays nobles, who pays the King, who pays back the Catholic Church.

Hanseatic League

Sets prices for goods.

Mongols

Land empire with largest land of its time (Middle Asia)

Pax Mongolica

A century of peace in areas that Mongols conquered.

Silk Road

Ancient system of various road connections & trade networks (China, India, Europe, Africa, Middle East)

Caravanserai

Safe roadside destinations (hotels/inns) for merchants to rest their caravans on journeys;

Dhows

Arab merchant ships.

Karims

Fleets of dhows.

Junks

Chinese merchant ships.

Diaspora

Dispersion of people/culture from homeland (cultural diffusion - kept in tact).

Astrolabe

Measured distance from horizon to stars (direction @ sea).

Devshirme

Ottoman establish the blood tax to force Christian boys to join the army.

Janissaries

Child soldier.

Qanun Law

Judicial reforms that promote Shariah law while also implementing political law that was separate.

Iltizam

Tax collection that was sold to the highest bidder who could keep overages.

Shia Islam

The Shah is a direct descendent of Muhammad.

Zamindars

Land owners collected taxes from those who lived on their land. They kept 10% of taxes, creating the incentive to collect taxes.

Kangxi

Emperor of the Manchu (Qing) Dynasty.

Samurai

Followers a system of Bushido (Code of Ethics) to protect lords

Cossacks

Peasants who served in the military for political favors and land

Peter the Great

Romanov Dynasty leader who implements policies to Westernize Russia.

Aztecs

Religious polytheism and the cult of worship

Moctezuma II

Shifted power away from commoners and created more of a gap between nobility and others

Martin Luther

Protestant Reformation began in 1517, nailed the 95 Theses to the Catholic Church doors

95 Theses

They focus on morals & accurate teachings, not Catholic Dogma and rejected the authority of the pope

Indulgences

Payments to get into heaven.

Simony

The selling of church offices to the high bidder

Mercantilism

creating more exports than imports for your economy

Prince Henry, the Navigator

He finances the mapping (cartography) of the West Coast of Africa (1440’s)

Portugal and France

built trading port empires (simply focused on controlling ports & trade instead of trying to shift/change the culture of a given region)

Joint Stock Company

Joint stocking systems facilitated most maritime trade in the world during this time. The investors gather money when they believe in certain ideas

British Colonists

An empire stating that the Natives must live under their authority and laws

King Phillips (Metacom) War

Fought between 1675-1676 in North America over the settlement & colonization of Native American land in North Eastern United States

Yemelyan Pugachev

Was eventually betrayed by his own people and brought to Moscow where he was executed, but eventually did pave the way for peasant freedom in the 19th century

Queen Ana Nzinga

Advocated for Mbundu rights & equality, along with being resilient enough to continuously fight against the Portuguese & their expanding African salve trade

Queen Nanny

For fighting for the Maroons’ rights & never giving up when it came to interactions with the British. She was an extremely successful & brave women, who was resilient enough to never stop fighting for her & others’ rights

Hobbes

Where the poor are forced to live, bad or awful

American Revolution

Where the the state and citizens need to be at peace with the government, also should be limited or balanced

French Revolution

Where they did not respect their neighbors and overthrew anyone who did anything they felt was bad

Haitian Revolution

Where Toussaint L'Ouverture fought to get away from the French, also there was a racial/ethnic switch

Revolutions Against Spanish Rules

Simon Bolivar led the revolutions against Spanish rules

Industrialization

increased mechanization of production + social shift. Capitalism & Consumption rapidly increase

Telegraph, Telephone, Radio

communication.

Wealth of Nations, 1776

Adam Smith said it was important through private ownership

The Communist Manifesto in 1848

Workers are being exploited by long hours, low wages, & the fact that only the rich were making money off laborers (systemic injustice)

Nationalism

Government controls & redistributes money made from citizens’ production (prioritizes selfishness in nations

Socialism

Government intervention in economy, social programs, & national industries (specific social classes & groups - less diveristy, less conflict

Diaspora

Was a product of growing industrialization taking place in the world during the 1700s & 1800s. A scattered population whose origin is in a different geological location

Migration during the Industrial Age

Economic Imperialism: 1 nation has significant economic power over another (typically directed at Latin America/Asian communities)

USSR Tzar

Russian emperor, USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Also a Russian empire

China Revolution

China is dealing with both internal & external issues as the Qing dynasty was not a native Chinese government & by the 1900s was experiencing serveal tough issues