BIOL 1010 exam 4- peart

osmoregulation

secretion of hormones

filtration

functions of the urinary system

urinary bladder

store urine- have baroreceptors

short

urethra in women is ____

long

urethra in men is ____

osmoregulation

maintenance of the appropriate balance of water and salt in the blood

renal hilum

entrance and exit point of blood vessels and nerves in the kidneys

1 million

How many nephrons are in each kidney?

blood in renal artery-> nephron-> minor calyx->major calyx-> renal pelvis-> ureter

the very broad flow of filtration in kidneys

capsules

all organs have ____

renal pyramids

filter solutes through osmoregulation

180 liters

how many liters of blood do our kidneys filter a day

afferent arteriole

carries blood towards the glomerulus

efferent arteriole

carries blood away from the glomerulus

filtering

nephrons main function

bowmans capsule-> proximal convoluted tubule->loop of henle-> distal convoluted tubule->collecting duct

filtration process in a nephron

H2O and solutes

only ____ and ____ go into nephrons

tubular reabsorption

solutes are reabsorbed from the nephron into the peritubular capillary network

tubular secretion

process of substances being removed from blood

loop of henle

only part that dips into the medulla

visceral

internal urethral sphincter is _____

somatic

external urethral sphincter is ____

closed

mens internal urethral sphincter stays_____

stretch

womens internal urethral sphincter sense _____

1. aorta

2. right kidney

3. ureter

4. urethra

5. inferior vena cava

6. left kidney

7. urinary bladder

label the diagram

1. afferent arteriole

2. proximal convoluted tubule

3. glomerular capsule

4. distal convoluted tubule

5. collecting duct

6. loop of henle

7. peritubular capillary network

label the diagram

1. renal hilum

2. renal artery

3. renal vein

4. renal pelvis

5. ureter

6. major calyx

7. minor calyx

8. renal cortex

9. renal medulla

10. renal papilla

11. renal pyramids

12. renal columns

13. fibrous capsule

label the diagram

aorta-> renal artery-> afferent arteriole->glomerulus-> efferent arteriole-> peritubular capillaries-> renal vein-> inferior vena cava-> back to blood stream

follow the pathway of a red blood cell through the kidneys

aorta-> renal artery-> afferent arteriole->glomerulus->bowmans capsule-> PCT, loop of henle, DCT-> (if needed) additional regulation collecting tubule and duct-> urine-> minor calyx->major calyx-> renal pelvis-> ureter->urinary bladder-> urethra

follow the pathway of water through the kidneys

ureters

simply transport for urine and has peristalsis movement

urea

to much ____ can cause kidneys to shut down and/or kidney stones

internal urethral sphincter

what prevents/regulates men from urinating and ejaculating at the same time

podocyte

additional layer of filtering in bowmans capsule, helps filter small proteins

testes

primary organ of the male reproductive system

drop at puberty

maintain homeostasis-temperature

epididymis is attcahed

describe the testes

ejaculatory duct

has 2 seminal vesicles

testes and epididymis

located in the scrotum

250

how many lobes are in each testicle

1-4

how many seminiferous tubules are in each lobe

250-1000

how many seminiferous tubules are in each testicle

100 million

how many sperm are made daily

anterior pituitary

FSH and LH are secreted from where

goes to tubules to increase sperm development

function of FSH for male reproduction

increase testosterone

function of LH for male reproduction

Epididymis and 2 weeks

sperm is stored where and for how long?

reabsorbed

if sperm is not used it is _____

sex

sperm determines____

XX

female sex chromosomes

XY

male sex chromosomes

bulbourethral gland

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

supportive glands of male reproduction

mid piece

mitochondria is located in what section of the sperm

acrosome cap

digestive enzymes are found in what section of the sperm

4

individual spermatogenesis make ___ sperm

1. urinary bladder

2. pubic bone

3. vas deferens

4. erectile tissue of penis

5. urethra

6. penis

7. glans penis

8. foreskin

9. ureter

10. seminal vesicle

11. ejaculatory duct

12. prostate gland

13. bulbourethral gland

14. anus

15. vas deferens

16. epididymis

17. testis

18. scrotum

label the diagram

1. ureters

2. urinary bladder

3. seminal vesicle

4. prostate gland

5. bulbourethral gland

6. vas deferens

7. urethra

label the diagram

1. vas deferens

2. epididymis

3. lobule

4. testis

5. scrotal sac

6. uncoiled seminiferous tubule

label the diagram

1. spermatogonium

2. primary spermatocyte

3. secondary spermatocyte

4. early spermatid

5. late spermatid

6. immature sperm

7. mitosis

8. meiosis I

9. meiosis II

label the diagram

1. acrosome

2. head

3. midpiece

4. tail

5. endpice

label the diagram

puberty

when does sperm production start?

2 testes->2 epididymis->2 vas deferens->2 ejaculatory duct->2 seminal vesicle-> (merge to one tube) prostatic urethra(prostate gland)-> membranous urethra->(bulbourethral gland) spongy urethra-out the body

what is the flow of sperm

seminal vesicle

produce energy, monosaccharide-fructose

prostate gland

produce enzymes, water, and clot liquifying fluid

bulbourethral gland

produces a lubricant, acid neutralizing buffer, and H20

semen

sperm that has passed through the glands

3-5

sperm can live ___ to ___ days in female tract

condoms

immediate barrier- temporary- very effective

birth control pill

force cycle to become a 28 day cycle- helps regulate cycle

depo shot

eliminate release of eggs- throws off hormones

IUD

release chemicals, change cycle and interfere with sperm

birth control implant

in arm, pellet form, act like IUD, hormone regulation 3-5 yrs

fertility awareness

tracking womens cycle is______

withdrawal awareness

this method increases the risk of pregnancy by a lot

abstinence

not having sex

tubal ligation

tubes tied is also know as

vasectomy

seal of vas deferens

plan B

take within the first 72 hrs, interferes with hormones, within 24 hrs won't let fertilization happen

abortion

last resort, emergency- risk to mother/fetus is inviable

3

1 in ____ people have herpes

oral

type 1 herpes is _____

genital

type 2 herpes is _____

herpes

most common STD, causes sores and ulcers

AIDS

illegal to not share w/ partner you have this STD, life threatening, drugs to suppress, T-lymphocyte cant alert system that there is an issue

HPV- Human pappilomavirus

men can carry, but can't test for it-- number 1 cause of cervical and ovarian cancer, no external issues, blood test, clear out within 2-3yrs

gardsil

3 shot series to prevent HPV

FSH

hormone that makes follicles that grow

LH

hormone that matures follicles-oocyte

ovaries

primary organ for female reproductive system

ovary->fallopian tubes(fertilization)-> uterus-> vagina-> outside the body

basic flow of an egg/oocyte-embryo pathway

has 46 chromosomes- all XX- splits during ovulation into a secondary oocyte

describe a primary oocyte

has 23 chromosomes inside and a polar body on the outside containing the other 23 chromosomes

describe a secondary oocyte

28 days

avg length of a menstrual cycle

mature follicle- FSH around oocyte

days 1-13

describe the follicular phase

release of secondary oocyte from mature follicle

LH is released-24 hrs before ovulation starts

fallopian tubes connect to ovaries for 1 day

describe the ovulation phase

days 15-28 of cycle

ovary waits to restart if no fertilization

describe the luteal phase

11-12 yrs old

avg age puberty begins for girls

1.5 million

in utero how many eggs do fetuses start out with

400,000

by puberty girls only have ______ eggs left

20

____ eggs are shed each month

2

the vagina is a ___ way system

1

___ oocyte released a month

1. fallopian tube

2. uterus

3. fimbriae

4. ovary

5. vagina

6. fundus

7. fallopian tube

8. endometrium

9. myometrium

10. cervix

label the diagram