Mod 3: Vitals and Respiratory

Adventitious:

irregular lung sounds

Angina:

chest pain due to deoxygenated heart

arterial blood gas (ABG):

Blood test, measures ph, o2, and co2 levels

Atelectasis:

partial or complete collapse of lung lobe due to alveoli deflating/filling with fluid

Bronchial:

relating to bronchi

Bronchodilators:

medication that relaxes muscles in airway to widen them (inhaler)

Bronchovesicular:

area where bronchi meets lung

Capnography:

continuous measurement of exhaled co2

Crackles:

breathing through fluid

endotracheal tube:

Intubation in nose or mouth to help patient breathe

heart failure:

heart failures to pump sufficient blood and o2 to body

Hypoxemia:

low o2 <90% in blood (pulse ox)

Hypoxia:

Low o2 in tissues (low organ function/high blood acid levels)

internal respiration:

exchange of o2 and co2 in caps

Ischemia:

reduced or blocked blood supply

myocardial infarction:

blood flow to the heart stops (heart attack)

Oxygenation:

o2 into the blood

Perfusion:

delivery of o2 and nutrient rich blood to organs/tissues

pulmonary ventilation:

breathing

Respiration:

gas exchange

sinoatrial (SA) node:

Initial pacemaker

Spirometer:

tool gauges volume of air exhaled

Sputum:

saliva/mucus coughed from lungs and bronchial tubes

subcutaneous emphysema:

air trapped beneath skin (puffy)

Tracheostomy:

surgically opened in the neck into trachea for breathing

tracheostomy tube:

inserted into tracheostomy hole bubble keeps airway open; can be connected to devices

Vesicular:

small fluid sacs on the skin

Wheezes:

tightened airways

Apnea:

(sleep apnea) tongue obstructing the airway

auscultatory gap:

absence of sounds between phase I (latter) and II of manual bp measurement (Normal range is 40mmhg).

Bradypnea:

less than 10 breaths regular depth

diastolic pressure:

ventricular rest

Dyspnea:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Eupnea:

Normal breathing rate

Febrile:

showing symptoms of a fever

Hyperventilation:

CO2 drop, high ph blood (respiratory alkalosis), rapid deep breaths. O2 delivery exceeds metabolic needs

Hypothermia:

below 95F

Hypoventilation:

CO2 buildup

Korotkoff sounds:

Tapping sounds heard through manual bp measuring. Phase I, appearance of noise initially as cuff is blown up. Phase II, pressure is released and blood starts flowing again systolic pressure is revealed. Phase III, loud thumping as pressure increases. Phase IV, muffling of thumping. Phase V, final thump (diastolic pressure)

Orthopnea:

shortness of breath while laying on your back (negated by standing or sitting up)

orthostatic hypotension:

blood pressure dropping when standing from laying position

pulse deficit:

Heart rate difference between chest and wrist (apical-radial, normal is 0), caused by weak heartbeat

pulse pressure:

systolic-diastolic 40mmhg (normal 30-50mmhg)

Pyrexia:

fever elevated temp

systolic pressure:

ventricular contraction

Tachypnea:

24> breaths shallow

cheyne stokes breathing

gradual increase then decrease in breathing followed by apnea (CHF, heart cannot pump enough blood; stroke, MI)

kussmaul breathing

deep and rapid respirations. Caused by built up acidity in blood (medulla triggers hyperventilation) DKA

biots breathing

rapid panting followed by apnea (stroke)