Unit 1 : The World Reinvented Lessons 123

Feudalism

A social system in medieval Europe where the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land.

Bubonic Plague

A deadly disease that hit Europe from 1346 to 1348, transmitted via fleas and rats, causing the death of 1/3 of people in Europe - about 25 million people.

Social Structure of 14th Century Europe

Hierarchy consisting of Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants/Serfs.

Significance of Religion in the 14th Century

During a time of death and suffering, people turned to Christianity, which influenced community and government, acting as a glue for society.

The Honour Code

A social ethic based on public opinion and custom, promoting pride, wealth, and often associated with greed and ego.

Religious Influence in the 14th century

Religion in the 14th century was interconnected with all aspects of life including providence, salvation, and community.

Characteristics of 14th Century Europe

Marked by instability, famine, violence, and the prevalence of disease.

Renaissance period

A cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival from the 14th to 17th centuries that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.

Humanism - Renaissance

A movement focused on the study of classical texts from Ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing human potential and achievements.

“Renaissance Man”

An individual who excels in multiple fields, demonstrating a well-rounded education and diverse skills.

Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374)

Often called the father of Humanism, he revitalized interest in classical literature and emphasized personal experience.

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375)

Best known for 'The Decameron,' he explored human nature and societal norms through wit and humor.

Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)

An architect credited with creating linear perspective in art and designing the dome of Florence Cathedral.

Donatello (1386-1466)

A sculptor renowned for his lifelike stone sculptures, including the bronze statue of David.

Sculpted young people

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

“Archeatype Renaissance Man” - the blueprint

A polymath famous for works like 'The Last Supper' and 'Mona Lisa,' known for integrating art and science.

Considered one of the most profile inventors in history and advanced the study of anatomy, optics, and hydrodynamics

Michelangelo (1475-1564)

influential renaissance artist, known for his sculpture of David and the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the creation of Adam.

Works were christian-based

Techniques are used by many artists

Raphael (1483-1520)

“Boy Wonder”

Renaissance artist that died very young (37)

was a master at composition and form

Contributed to Humanism —> Sought to discover Man’s Importance in the world through artwork

Renowned for his paintings of the Madonna, embodying the Renaissance ideals of harmony and beauty.

The Printing Press

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, it revolutionized information dissemination and increased literacy.

Significance of the Renaissance

Marked a shift toward individualism and scientific inquiry, laying the groundwork for future developments in art, science, and philosophy.

The Reformation

A movement in the early 16th century aimed at reforming the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Early Corruption of the Church

Influenced the reformation

Involvement of clergy in practices like simony that undermined public trust in the Church.

Martin Luther

Key figure in the Reformation, known for posting the 95 Theses and promoting justification by faith alone.

Johann Tetzel - Linkage to Martin Luther

known for selling indulgences, which provoked Martin Luther's response.

The Diet of Worms (Comes First)

An assembly in 1521 where Martin Luther was asked to recant but refused, marking resistance to papal authority.

Key event of the reformation

Marked Luther’s Official break from the Roman Catholic Church

Edict of Worms (Comes Second)

Issued in 1521, declared Luther an outlaw: aiming to silence him and prohibiting his writings.

Forbade anyone from following Luther, his writtings, and even giving him shelter and allowed anyone from killing Luther

Significance: Came to be synonymus with Luther’s Vision and the Reformation

Protestantism - Result from Reformation

A branch of Christianity that emerged from the Reformation, rejecting papal authority and emphasizing personal faith.

Council of Trent (1545)

A council convened to address the challenges of Protestantism and implement reforms within the Catholic Church.

The Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, aimed at reforming Church practices and regaining followers.

The Church used: The council of trent, Produced art for propaganda, hired Jisuits (priests), The Roman Inquisition, and prohibited “Blasphamy Books”