Enzymes: Cell level systems: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

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17 Terms

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Enzyme

Biological catalysts which speed up reactions without being used up

<p>Biological catalysts which speed up reactions without being used up</p>
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Enzymes and temperature

The enzyme rate increases as temperature increases up to an optimum, after which the enzyme becomes denatured

<p>The enzyme rate increases as temperature increases up to an optimum, after which the enzyme becomes denatured</p>
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Enzymes and pH

The reaction rate decreases as the pH moves away from the enzyme's optimum pH

<p>The reaction rate decreases as the pH moves away from the enzyme's optimum pH</p>
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Optimum rate

An ideal pH or temperature value that results in maximum enzyme activity

<p>An ideal pH or temperature value that results in maximum enzyme activity</p>
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Denature

When the active site changes shape and can no longer bind to a substrate due to unsuitable temperature or pH

<p>When the active site changes shape and can no longer bind to a substrate due to unsuitable temperature or pH</p>
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Active site

The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds

<p>The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds</p>
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Substrate

Reactant of an enzyme catalysed reaction

<p>Reactant of an enzyme catalysed reaction</p>
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Product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

<p>A substance produced in a chemical reaction</p>
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Lock and key theory

When a substrate fits into its enzyme just like a key fits a lock

<p>When a substrate fits into its enzyme just like a key fits a lock</p>
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Amylase

A carbohydrase enzyme found in saliva and the small intestine that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

<p>A carbohydrase enzyme found in saliva and the small intestine that breaks the chemical bonds in starches</p>
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Protease

Enzyme found in the stomach and small intestine that breaks down proteins into amino acids

<p>Enzyme found in the stomach and small intestine that breaks down proteins into amino acids</p>
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Lipase

Enzyme found in the small intestine that breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

<p>Enzyme found in the small intestine that breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids</p>
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Carbohydrases

Enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars

<p>Enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars</p>
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Proteins

Building blocks of cells and tissues

<p>Building blocks of cells and tissues</p>
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Carbohydrates

Provide energy for chemical reactions

<p>Provide energy for chemical reactions</p>
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Lipids

Fats and oils which store energy

<p>Fats and oils which store energy</p>
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Enzyme experiments

Investigating the breakdown of starch by amylase using iodine solution or measuring the volume of oxygen produced by catalase activity on hydrogen peroxide

<p>Investigating the breakdown of starch by amylase using iodine solution or measuring the volume of oxygen produced by catalase activity on hydrogen peroxide</p>