Risk Management as applied to Safety, Security and Sanitation

Reviewer for the first auarter during the second semester

Risk Management

this is a crucial process that helps identify, assess and mitigate potential risk.

Identifying and analyzing the risk
deciding what can be and should be done.

Tourism Risk Management
IaAtR
DWCBaSBD

Risk

Situation involving exposure to danger.

Hazard

Source of danger

air
water
land
pipeline

What are the 4 modes of transportation.

Human errors
system failures

Internal root causes

climate change
global crisis
Technological advancements

External root causes

Singapore

What City is known as “the fine city”

Reduces financial losses
Avoids Reputational Damage
Enhances resilience
Improves strategic decision-making

Benefits of risk management 4 raei

Enhanced safety and security
Business Continuity
Legal and Regulatory compliance
Improved Costumer Trust and Loyalty
Cost saving
Sustainability and Long-term growth
Crisis communication and brand protection
Adaptation to market changes
Enhanced decision making

Benefits of Risk Management in the Tourism Management

9 EBL-ICS-CAE

Crisis management
Disaster management

Tourism Management should be involved in both…

Crisis management

The organizational process

Disaster management

The multi-agency, community-based process

Protect against financial expenses
Inefficiencies
reputational damage
other potential losses.

Why is risk management important

4 PIRO

PAFE
I
RD
OPL

Financial
Operational
Reputational
Strategic

risk management involves a systematic approach to managing risk which can be

FORS

Integrated
Structured and Comprehensive
Customized
Inclusive
Dynamic
Best Available Information
Human and Cultural Factors
Continual Improvement

The principles of effective risk management as stipulated in Philippine national standards 31000:2018(PNS) 8(ISCIDBHC)

Philippine national standards

Meaning of PNS

Integrated

Risk management is an integral part of all organizational activities.

Structured and Comprehensive

A _______ and _________ approach to risk management contributes to consistent and comparable results

Customized

The risk management framework and process are __________ and appropriate to the organizations external and internal context related to its objectives.

Inclusive

Appropriate and timely involvement of stakeholders enables their knowledge, views, and perceptions to be considered resulting in improved awareness and informed risk management.

Dynamic

risk can emerge change or disappear as an organizations external and internal context changes.

Risk management anticipates, detects, acknowledge, and responds to those changes and events in an appropriate and timely manner.

Best Available Information

The inputs top risk management are based on historical and current information future expectations. Risk management explicitly, into account any limitations and uncertainties associated with such information and expectations. Information should be timely, clear and available to relevant stakeholders.

Human and Cultural Factors

significantly influence all aspects of risk management each level and stage.

Continual Improvement

Risk management is continually improved through learning and experience.

Financial risk
Operational risk
Cybersecurity risk
Compliance risk
Strategic risk
Reputational risk

What are the types of risk that business face


FOCCSR

Financial risk

Changes in market conditions, interest rates, exchange rates, credit risk, liquidity risk.

Operational risk

Human error, technology and system failures and operational inefficiencies/ natural disasters or geopolitical instability.

Cybersecurity risk

Data breaches, cyberattacks, phishing attempts and issues of unauthorized access to company systems or information

Strategic risk

Associated with poor business decisions, ineffective strategies or inadequate responses to technological changes or shifts in costumer behavior.

Compliance risk

Issues with following laws, regulations and standards.

Reputational risk

anything that damages an organizations public face, such as negative publicity customer dissatisfaction or ethical issues.

Safety and Security risk
Health risk
Environmental risk
Economic risk
Reputation risk

Types of risk in tourism (SHEER)

Compliance Report (mandatory)
Hazard Risk (pure)
Control Risk
Opportunity Risk

Categories of Risk
4 CHCO

Compliance Report

Involved government-mandated licenses and business permits and requirements.

Hazard Risk

Risk that can prevent and deter the achievement of company’s goals, missions and objectives.

Control Risk

Risk that can cause uncertainty or doubt about the ability to achieve company’s goal, missions and objectives.

Opportunity Risk

Risk that are usually deliberately sought or embraced by the organizations specifically for the future long-term success of any organization or to enhance the achievements of goals, missions and objectives.

People
Premises
Processes
Products

Categories of operational disruption (4P)

Example of disruption from: People

Lack of people skills and limited resources
Improper behavior by a manager
Unexpected absents of key associates
Sickness, illness, or injury to associates

Example of disruption from: Premises

No enough prohibition
Damage or contamination to premises
Damage of physical assets
Theft of physical assets

Example of disruption from: Processes

Failure of IT hardware or software
Interference due to computer virus and hacker
Mismanagement of information
Communication or transport failure

Example of disruption from: Products

Poor product or service quality
Supplier failure
Delivery of defective goods or its pasts
Logistics Failure

Risk Sharing
Risk Transfer
Risk Acceptance and Retention
Risk Avoidance
Risk Reduction

Responses to Risk (STAAR)

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PCDA)

• Widely used for continuous improvement

• Often used in quality management, Project management, and various operational processes.

• Improve process

• Solve problems

• Implement change effectively

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) is designed to: 3(ISI)

Plan phase

• Setting objectives, identifying problems or opportunities for improvement, and developing a plan to address those issues.

• In tourism, involves understanding the needs of tourists, identifying trends, or addressing any existing problems.

Do phase

• Implementing the Plan

  - carrying out the actions na na-identify mo sa phase 1 on a small scale or as a pilot program.

• Allows you to test ideas before a full-scale implementation.

Check phase

• Evaluating the results
  > actions > analyze outcomes if align ba sa goals/obj ng plan mo

• Helps identify gaps or probs
  > dapat may plan b if plan a goes wrong (contingency planning)

Act phase

• Taking insights from the check phase and deciding if the plan worked

  - you can standardize it and implement it more broadly.

  > if may issues pa, revise and try again

Risk Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Prioritization
Risk Mitigation
Risk Monitoring

STEPS OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS (5)

STEPS OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Involve people, tech, and behaviors that help an org to address risks and reach its objectives

Risk Identification

recognizing potential threats to an org, its operations and workforce

> challenging sa tourism kasi intangible and people hawak natin

done to prevent possible problem to encounter

sa tourism, depends sa susceptibility ng risk ma-harm people and ma-damage property, depending sa preparedness ng management in their encounter with the risks

Risk Assessment

Focuses on analyzing and evaluating potential risk factors.

Risk Prioritization

prioritized risks based on their likelihood and impact

> ex. pag may eartquake, ang unang inaayos is kuryente (communication)

Risk Mitigation

implement strategies to mitigate or reduce the likelihood and/or impact of each prioritized risk

Risk Monitoring

Continuously monitor and review the risk management to plan to ensure its effectiveness

> ex. sa emergency, after first aid
> check up. hindi pwedeng first aid lang gawin

→tangible & intangible

→ causes and events

→ threats and opportunities

→ vulnerabilities and capabilities

→ changes in the external and internal context

→ indicators of emerging risks

→ the nature and value of assets and resources → consequences and their impact on objectives

→ limitations of knowledge and reliability of information

→ time-related factors

→ biases

→ assumptions; and beliefs of those involved

In risk identification the ff. factors and the relation b/w these factors should be considered:

1. identify threats

2. Estimate Risk

How to use risk analysis

Human
Operational
Reputational
Procedural
Project
Political
Financial
Natural
Structural
Technical

Types of Threats 10 (HORPPPFNST)

• Conduct regular risk assessment

• develop and update crisis management plan

• Communicate effectively

• Collaborate with stakeholders

• Invest in employee training

Best Practices for risk management in tourism

• Time and money

• Language and culture

• Literacy and education (Lack of Consumer Awareness)

• Pathogens (foodborne illnesses)

• Unapproved suppliers

• High-risk customers

• Ready-to-eat foods -any food that is edible without further washing or cooking it Includes washed, whole or cut fruits and vegetables; deli meats: bakery items

• Staff turnover

• Global Supply Chain Risks

• Contamination from Chemicals

• Allergens

• Climate change

• Food Fraud

• Inadequate Food Safety Regulations and Enforcement

• Technology and Automation

• Food Safety in Non-traditional Food Systems

Food safety Challenges Includes

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Meaning of CDC

CDC

______ is the nation’s leading science-based data driven, service organizations that protects the public’s health.

• Improper Holding Temperatures

• Inadequate Cooking

• Contaminated Equipment

  • food to food

  • food to surface

  • food to man

• Poor Personal Hygiene

• Improper Food Source

How food becomes unsafe

foodborne illness

disease transmitted to people by food

foodborne-illness outbreak

incident in which two or more people get the same illness after eating the same food.

flow of food

path food takes from purchasing to receiving, through storing, preparing, cooking, holding, cooling, reheating and serving

Immunocompromised People

People who are more prone to be exposed to diseases because of low immunity levels.

• elderly People

• Infant and Preschool-age children

• Pregnant women

• People with cancer or on chemotherapy

• People w/ HIV / AIDS

• Transplant recipient

Immunocompromised People include:

Biological Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Physical Hazards

Potential hazards to food safety (BCP)

• Viruses

• Bacteria

• Parasites

• Fungi

Example of Biological Hazards

• Cleaners

• Sanitizers

• Polishes

• Machine Lubricants

• Toxic Metals

Example of Chemical Hazards 5(CSPMT)

• Hair

• Dirt

• Bandages

• Metal staples

• Broken glass

• Natural Objects (e.g. fish bones in a fillet)

Example of Physical Hazards

• Controlling time and temperature

• Preventing cross-contamination

• Practicing personal hygiene

• Purchasing from approved, reputable suppliers

Important Prevention Measures (CPPP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point

HACCP Meaning

HACCP

______ is a risked-based preventive food safety system that helps businesses identify and control potential food safety hazards to protect consumers and ensure the production of safe food products

1. Food Safety Regulations

2. Health and Sanitation Codes

3. Employee Hygiene Regulations

4. Occupational Health and Safety Laws

5. Environmental Regulations

Legal Considerations 5(FHEOE)

1. Protecting Public Health

2. Transparency with Guests

3. Fair and Safe Staff Treatment

4. Sustainability and Waste Ethics

5. Crisis Management

Ethical Considerations 5(PTFSC)