Unit 2 - Religion
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56 Terms
1. Because it teaches that there is only one God, Judaism is described as a __________ religion.
Solomon’s Temple Location
43. generally regarded as the traditionalists, following religious prescripts as closely as possible without deviating from the foundational beliefs
Developed as a response to Reform Judaism in so far as some felt that Reform Judaism was correct in principle that things needed to change but that Reform Judaism had gone too far with their changes. They felt the Jewish people needed to conserve as much of the tradition as possible while making changes where they felt necessary. Egalitarianism is a standard of practice with women recognized for leadership roles and counting in traditionally male-specific prayer circles.
What Jewish denominational movement embraced the idea that Judaism is an evolving religious culture?
47. The ceremonial meal that consists of symbolic food eaten during Passover
2. Jews ultimately trace their ancestry back to what ancestor?
Term derived from an acronym standing for the entire Hebrew Bible: Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible); Neviim (or “Prophets,” which includes works of both prophecy and history); and Khetuvim (or “Writings,” a miscellaneous gathering of works in poetry and prose). Taken together, the twenty-four books that make up this collection constitute the core “scriptures” of Judaism.
Literally means “teaching,” and in its most restrictive sense it refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Less restrictively, it signifies the totality of God’s revelations to the Jewish people, which includes not only the remaining books of the Hebrew Bible but also the writings contained in the Talmud.
42. The divine attribute of being above and beyond anything human beings can know or imagine.
46. The divine attribute of in-dwelling, or God being present to human consciousness.
32. The divine attribute of total and eternal power.
48. The divine attribute of total and eternal knowledge.
. A core concept of Judaism: it is the belief that the world was created and governed by only one transcendent Being, whose ethical attributes provide an ideal model for human behavior.
30. Literally translated, the Hebrew word means “commandments,” and it refers to the 613 commandments that the biblical God imparted to the Israelites in the Torah (i.e., the first five books of the Hebrew Bible).
19. A multivolume work of commentary on the laws of the Torah and on the teachings of the entire Hebrew Bible, composed in two stages: the Mishnah (edited in approximately 200 C.E.) and the Gemara (edited, in its Babylonian version, around 500 C.E.). Traditionally, Jews refer to this as the “Oral Torah,” and regard it as an extension of sacred scripture.
25. An authoritative formulation of traditional Jewish law.
16. The belief that the biblical God “chose” the people of Israel to be God’s “kingdom of priests” and a “holy nation.” This biblical concept is logically connected to the idea of the Covenant, and it entails the belief that the Jews’ relationship with God obliges them to conform to His laws and fulfill God’s purposes in the world.
23. A biblical concept that describes the relationship between God and the Jews in contractual terms, often thought of as an eternal bond between the Creator and the descendants of the ancient Israelites.
31. The legendary leader and prophet who led the Israelite slaves out of Egypt. He serves as a mediator between the people of Israel and God in the Torah, and is later viewed as Israel’s greatest prophet. It is to him that God imparts the Ten Commandments and the teachings that later became the Torah.
24. The escape (or departure) of Israelite slaves from Egypt as described in the Hebrew Bible (c. 1250 b.c.e.)
21. A Greek word in origin, it refers to those Jewish communities that live outside of the historical land of Israel.
20. In the Jewish Scriptures, the Hebrew term means “anointed one” and refers to kings and priests, who were anointed with consecrated oil. In later Jewish literature, this title is sometimes used to refer to a figure—in some cases, a supernatural figure—who, having been “anointed by God,” rescues the Jewish people and the world from evil.
17. The genocidal destruction of approximately 6 million European Jews by the government of Nazi Germany during World War II. This mass slaughter is referred to in Hebrew as the Shoah.
40. A modern political philosophy that asserts a belief in Jewish national identity and in the necessity of resuming national life within the historic Land of Israel.
15. A rite of passage for adolescents in Judaism, for thirteen-year-old boys and for twelve- to thirteen-year-old girls, that signals their coming of age and the beginning of adult religious responsibility.
29. A ritual bath in which married Jewish women immerse themselves each month, after the end of their menstrual cycle and before resuming sexual relations with their husbands.
35. Jewish house of worship. The focal point of which is the Ark, a large cabinet where scrolls of the Torah are stored.
36. A prayer shawl that is worn during morning prayers (traditionally by men). The fringes of this shawl represent, symbolically, the 613 mitzvot found in the Torah.
33. A later spring harvest festival that is celebrated for two days, and is associated with the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai. Along with Pesach and Sukkot it was one of the “pilgrimage” festivals in ancient times.
5. The Jewish New Year, it is celebrated for two days in the fall (on the first day of the month of Tishri) and accompanied by the blowing of a ram’s horn (a shofar, in Hebrew). It signals the beginning of the “ten days of repentance” that culminates with Yom Kippur.
44. Referred to as the “Day of Atonement,” it is the most solemn of all of the fast days in the Jewish religious calendar.
11. A fall harvest festival that is associated with huts in which the ancient Israelites sought shelter during the Exodus. It is celebrated for seven days in Israel (eight days in the Diaspora). During that time Jews take their meals, and if possible sleep, in huts that are partly open to the sky.
13. The Jewish holiday that celebrates the Maccabean rebellion. Celebrated for eight days, and its main symbol is an eight-branched candelabrum called a menorah with a ninth branch usually elevated above the other eight to hold the candle that will light the others. Commemorates the deliverance of the Jerusalem temple from Hellenistic defilement.
49. The Festival of Lots, celebrates the deliverance by Esther from a plot to destroy the Jews by the Persian Empire. This is a joyous, celebratory holiday with a sense of drama.
4. In ancient times, the Jewish homeland was conquered by the following sequence of empires: Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and _________, who are responsible for the destruction of the temple in 70 CE and the ultimate expulsion of Jews in Jerusalem in 135 CE
7. A decorative case containing a rolled up parchment on which the Shema is written
18. “the heart” of the Jewish religious life
(שַׁבָּת; related to Hebrew verb "cease, rest"); it is the seventh day of the Jewish week and is the day of rest and abstention from work as commanded by God.
22. A brimless cap, usually made of cloth, worn by male Jews to fulfill the customary requirement held by Orthodox halachic authorities that the head be covered.
39. Taken from the word for “prayer,” refers to two small boxes to which leather straps are attached. Traditionally, Jewish males from the age of thirteen wear this during weekday morning prayers. Inside each of these boxes is a miniature parchment containing biblical verses. One box is placed on the forehead and the other is placed on the left arm, signifying that the individual’s mind and will are devoted to God.
12. These four consonants constitute the most sacred of names associated with the biblical God. The exact pronunciation of this name, according to ancient Jewish tradition, was known only to the High Priest, but after the destruction of the Second Temple the precise vocalization of these letters was lost—only to be recovered in the days of the Messiah.
The shema
14. One of the most important Jewish prayers that declares the unity of God
34. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) most recently published hate crime statistics (2022), what group remains the single most targeted religious minority in America?
37. Regarded as the “saddest day of the year on the Jewish calendar” when Jews mourn the destruction of the two Temples in Jerusalem with a series of fast days commemorating the various events connected to these ancient catastrophes in Jewish religious tradition.
45. According to the first creation account in Genesis, male and female are created sequentially or simultaneously?
The legal distinction between allowable and prohibited foods
50. An early spring harvest festival that celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from Egypt, celebrated for seven days in Israel and eight days in the Diaspora. The first two nights are celebrated within a family setting around a scripted meal.
Ancient Jewish texts found near the Dead Sea, shedding light on Judaism's history. - Oldest surviving fragments of the Hebrew Bible
a Jewish religious movement that emphasizes emotional spirituality and pious devotion