Yr 9 Psychology: Body Co-ordination Test Revision Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key structures and functions of the nervous and endocrine systems for Year 9 Psychology revision.

Frontal lobe

A region of the brain responsible for various functions including motor control, personality, and higher-level cognitive processes.

Parietal lobe

A region of the brain involved in processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain.

Occipital lobe

The brain region primarily responsible for visual processing.

Temporal lobe

A region of the brain involved in processing auditory information and language.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain located at the back of the skull that coordinates muscular activity and balance.

Brain stem

The structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic body functions.

Dendrites

The branch-like structures of a neuron that receive incoming messages from other neurons.

Axon

The long, slender projection of a neuron that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin sheath

The insulating layer covering the axon that assists in the rapid transmission of neural messages.

Axon terminals

The endpoints of a neuron's axon where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with the next cell.

Synapse

The junction or gap between two neurons through which messages are passed via neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Affecter neurons

Neurons that carry sensory information from the body's receptors toward the central nervous system.

Interneurons

Neurons located within the central nervous system that link affecter neurons and effector neurons.

Effector neurons

Neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands to trigger a response.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

The core of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

The component of the nervous system consisting of all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream to affect target organs.

Pituitary gland

Known as the master gland, it is a key endocrine gland that regulates other glands and various body functions.

Hypothalamus

A part of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Pineal gland

A small endocrine gland in the brain that produces hormones related to sleep-wake cycles.

Parathyroid

Endocrine glands located in the neck that help regulate calcium levels in the body.

Thyroid

An endocrine gland in the neck that produces hormones affecting metabolism, growth, and development.

Thymus

An endocrine gland located behind the breastbone that plays a role in the immune system.

Adrenal gland

Glands located on top of the kidneys that produce hormones such as adrenaline to help the body respond to stress.

Pancreas

A gland that functions in both the digestive and endocrine systems, notably producing insulin to regulate blood sugar.

Ovaries

The female reproductive glands that produce eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Testes

The male reproductive glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.