Exam 3 !! pedophilia

 voyeuristic disorder

 < 15 years old begins to become chronic

sexual arousal is achieved through observation of others who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

• arousal stems from getting away with a behavior that is considered taboo

• the individuals they are watching are not consenting to being observed

• voyeuristic behavior typically began in adolescence (prior to age 15) and become chronic; can be satisfied via strip club attendance or viewing pornography

• can’t be diagnosed prior to adulthood

Exhibitionist disorder

sexual arousal is achieved by exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting or unwilling observer

• arousal is achieved via the surprise or shock caused by the action

• most exhibitionists make no attempt to contact their observers

• children, adolescents, and women are the primary targets

• considered a high frequency crime

Frotteuristic disorder

sexual arousal is achieved by recurrent touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person

• seldom apprehended because victims are slow to realize what is taking place or too embarrassed to report it

• typically occurs in crowded, public places where detection is difficult

cross dressing -

mostly men - almost like - need to do it but feel conflicted about it , causes internal conflict and individual may need to do this to perform in sexual, wear and destroy after use

Fetisistic disorder

 specific anamonic object or non genital body parts , mostly in guys

sexual arousal stems from focusing on a nonliving object or a specific non-genital body part

• almost any object can serve as a fetish

• entails having a partner wear or pose with a specific item (i.e., clothing)

• often involves masturbating to the object

• almost exclusively found in men

Sexual sadism

 with the infliction of pain on someone else - rape is not a form of this 

sexual arousal depends on the physical/psychological suffering of another person

• rape is not considered an element of sexual sadism; considered a crime of violence that is not sexually driven

Sexual masochism

individual needs to be the victim - choking is problematic  

sexual arousal depends on being humiliated or made to suffer

• potential for accidental death via choking (other inflicted) or auto-erotic asphyxiation

Ordererotic fixation

hang themselves with sexual arousal

Pedophiliac disorder

interest or arousal in pre-prepubescent age 13 or younger children - the perpetrator has to be at least 16 and the victim has to be at least 5 years younger the most common is heterosexual men with young women, don’t have to have physical contact with the child to be diagnosed - grooming, not going to get better - makes them feel more understanding + away from their behaviors 

recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a pre-pubescent child (usually defined as younger than 13) by a person who is at least 16 years old and at least five years older than the child

• typically develop extensive justification for their behaviors

• use various “grooming techniques” to gain the child’s trust

• physical contact is not required to receive the diagnosis; use of child pornography is often suggestive of pedophilic disorder

Aversion therapy

try to reduce arousal to stimuli

• designed to reduce arousal to problematic stimuli

  • client is presented with noxious odors while envisioning erotic stimuli; genital shocking

  • covert sensitization – clients are tasked with imagining their preferred paraphilic stimuli and then substitute an aversive, unpleasant image in an attempt to reduce sexual arousal (i.e., development of STDs, subsequent arrest, etc.) thinking of thoughts, then getting in trouble or consequence to reduce likelihood of behavior

  • masturbatory reconditioning – the use of masturbation to modify their sexual preferences; start with their preferred paraphilic stimulus and the substitute a more socially appropriate stimulus as they approach climax - swapping out unhealthy object with a healthy one 

cognitive behavior therapy

-challenge thought distortions , irrational beliefs - the most recognition and support 

focuses on challenging and restructuring the attitudes and thinking errors  that maintain paraphilic behavior

Interpersonal skills development

 often combined with CBT 

• Empathizing with other people-Empathy training, social skills training, intimacy training

biological methods 

• surgical castration – removal of the testicles

• chemical castration – use of medication to suppress male sex hormones

• SSRI’s have, at times, been prescribed because of the frequency of sexual side effects, which include problems with arousal

Paraphilia

an intense and persistent sexual interest in fantasies or actions involving atypical stimuli

***some ______ are harmless (i.e., arousal triggered by certain types of clothing)

***many ______ are illegal, making it difficult to develop accurate prevalence rates

Paraphilic Disorder

when a paraphilia contributes to distress/impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or harm/risk of harm to others

8 Specific Paraphilic Disorders:

Transvestic Disorder

sexual arousal is achieved via cross-dressing; there is a degree of personal distress over the need to engage in the behavior

• distress is a necessary component for the diagnosis to be made and may include patterns of “purging and acquisition”

• almost seen exclusively in men

Causes of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders:

Children are sometimes punished/shamed for engaging in normal sexual exploration, which may impede healthy sexual development.

Children who are sexually victimized are often conflicted about reporting the incident.  If the inappropriate sexual behavior persists, they may become desensitized to it, or it may even become normalized.

Accidental arousal to atypical stimuli may be reinforced and repeated.

Paraphilic behaviors may arise out of problem solving deficits (lack of social skills and sexual dysfunctions are common among sex offenders).  For example, adult pedophiles may lack the necessary social and relationship skills necessary for healthy adult interactions and may therefore pursue children, with whom they feel less anxious and socially awkward.