Functional Groups-Biology

Amino

composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. (-NH2)

Ketone

They are found in Steroids, waxes and proteins.

In a ______the carbon forms covalent bonds with two other carbon atoms.

Carbonyl

carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen (C=O)

A ________group is the Carbon double bonded to Oxygen.

Found in Steroids, waxes and proteins.

Aldehyde

-CHO
They are found in Steroids, waxes and proteins.
In _______the carbon is linked to a hydrogen atom.

Carboxyl

Amino Acids, Fatty Acids

carbon atom both double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (-COOH)

Hydroxyl

-OH
They are found in Steroids, Alcohol, Carbohydrates and some amino acids.

Consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon, called alcohols (-OH)

Methyl

Consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. (-CH3)
May be attached to DNA, proteins and carbohydrates.

Phosphate

Nucleic acids, ATP, attached to amino acids.

Consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms.

Sulfate

May be attached to carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
SO4-

Sulfhydryl

-SH

Proteins that contain the amino acid cysteine.