Regions, Government, Slaves, and Servants

What zone numbers are the New England Colonies?

Zones 1, 2, & 3

How diverse are the New England Colonies?

They are the least diverse, having England and Scotland, due to only allowing one religion

What was the size of the New England Colony towns, and why?

Small to promote religion and protect from the Indians

What did the New England Colony towns share?

common area of land for cattle/crops

What is the term for the New England Colony farming?

subsistence farming (just enough food for themselves)

What did the New England Colony livelihood like?

shipbuilding, fishing, timber, manufacturing

What kind of labor did the New England Colonies have?

self

What are the present-day states of New England Colonies?

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

What zones are the Middle Colonies?

Zones 4, 5, & 6

How diverse are the Middle Colonies?

They are the most diverse, having England, Scotland, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands, due to them being a mix of N/S

How were the Middle Colonies communities set up, and why?

Spread out, for more land, no conflict (friendly Indians)

What was the Middle Colony’s livelihood like?

manufacturing (craftsmen, glass, textiles, paper) and cash crops (corn, wheat, beef, pork; because they had better soil and Indians cleared land)

What was the Middle Colony’s labor like?

self, indentured servants

What present-day states are the Middle Colonies?

Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey

What zones are the Southern Colonies?

Zones 7, 8, 9, & 10

How diverse were the Southern Colonies?

They were moderately diverse.

How were the Southern Colonies community like?

Plantations (VA/MD/NC = tobacco; SC/GA = rice/indigo) & Backcountry (inland)

What was the Southern Colonies livelihood like?

Large-scale farming (wealthy plantation owner lived in The Great House), & Small farms (log cabins & shacks), AGRICULTURE

What was the Southern Colonies labor like?

Indentured servants, slaves (1,750 = 35% of population)

What present-day states are the Southern Colonies?

Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

What are the forms of government?

Colonial government and local government

What are the three positions of government that each colony had?

Governor (appointed by king, named council of advisors), Council, Assembly (elected members that represent)

What are the Northern Colonies a combination of, and where were their towns located?

New England Colonies and Middle Colonies, near seaports and shallow rivers

What did the Northern Colony Government use for government?

townships (all citizens can attend, set tax rate, set aside land and approved admission of new settlers, hired teachers/ministers, settled local issues

What were the Northern Colonies economy based on?

Subsistence farming and manufacturing

What did the Southern Colonies use for government?

county courts (decided when/where to build roads, issued tavern licenses, raised taxes, tried criminals, settled lawsuits)

What were the Southern Colonies chief official called?

Justices of the Peace

How were the towns of the Southern Colonies like?

scattered, farms and plantations located on large rivers

What was the Southern Colonies economy based on?

larger farms growing cash crops

What were the qualifications to vote?

Free & white males over 21, must own land, some ares required people to be a church member

What percent of Northern Colony males were eligible to vote?

75% of free, white males over 21

What percent of Southern Colony males were eligible to vote?

45-60% of free, white males over 21

What is the basic concept of salutary neglect?

England government stopped paying attention to the 13 Colonies, England wasn’t strictly enforcing laws →colonies permitted to elect their own reps

When were indentured servants used, and when were slaves used?

Early to late 1600s, late 1600s to 1700s

What is the difference between indentured servants and slaves?

signed a contract to work, taken from West Africa

What major event caused the shift between indentured servants to slaves?

1672 - Royal African Company

What is the Royal African Company?

Took defeated enemies from West Africa to go on the Middle Passage (voyage) → Colonies to get auctioned/sold

What did the contract of indentured servants promise?

Land, seed, tools (after indenture was over)

How long were servants indentured?

4-7 years

How long were slaves enslaved?

Lifetime

Where did both indentured servants and slaves go?

South Colonies

What were indentured servants and slaves to their owners?

Just property to be bought/sold

Why did indentured servants and slaves die?

Both: overworked, poorly fed; Slaves: abused

England loved the colonies for ______.

money

What is mercantilism?

creating/maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade

England wanted fewer _____ and more ______.

imports, exports

England import-purchased from ________ ______, and export-goods were purchased by _____ _______.

another country, other countries

When were the Navigation Acts mainly taken place?

1650-1696

What were colonists required to do?

Only trade with England

What are enumerated articles?

Colonial goods that can only be exported to England and its countries (1660)

What are some goods that England needed but could not produce?

Sugar, molasses, tobacco

In order to ship something out to England, what must the colonists do?

Must use English ships, and had to pay duties (tax on any good that entered English harbors)

What were the benefits that Colonial Manufacturers had when trading with England?

Guaranteed market in England, always can sell materials produced, large sales

What were the American Smugglers?

Colonists decided to smuggle goods (illegal goods, sugar, molasses, rum) & it was overlooked due to bribes

Who did the Triangular Trade involve?

British West Indies, Colonies, and England

What was the cycle for the Triangular Trade?

Rum from Colonies →England sent slaves →British West Indies sent molasses (and slaves) →Colonies for rum

What is ironic about the slave trade?

New England Colonies are anti-slavery, however they are building ships for England to use to carry slaves. These slaves go to British West Indies.

What is the The Middle Passage?

Journey from West Africa to North or South America

How long did the Middle Passage actually last and what was it like?

3 months, chained by neck/legs, “T’ween” decks

Why did many people die before reaching the colonies during the Middle Passage?

smallpox, malaria, or thrown overboard

Who were the first group to protest against slavery?

Quakers in 1688