asepsis and infection control

infectious agent

bacteria, viruses, fungi

reservoir

natural habitat of the organism

portal of exit

point of escape for the organism

means of transmission

direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route

portal of entry

point at which organisms enter a new host

susceptible host

must overcome resistance mounted by hosts defenses

bacteria

most significant and prevalent in hospital settings

virus

smallest of all microorganisms

fungi

plant like organisms present in air soil and water

incubation period

organisms growing and multiplying

prodromal stage

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

full stage of illness

presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

convalescent period

recovery from the infection

factors affecting host suseptibility

intact skin & mucus membranes

normal pH

age,sex,race,hereditary factors

immunization

stess

WBC

cardinal signs of infection

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

WBC count indicating infection

5,000 to 10,000

5 moments for hand hygiene

moment 1- before touching patient

moment 2-before.a clean or aseptic procedure

moment 3-after body fluid exposure risk

moment 4-after touching a patient

moment 5- after touching patient surroundings

transient

attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease

resident

found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove

4 categories most responsible for hospital acquired infections

• catheter associated urinary tract infection

• surgical site infection

• central line associated bloodstream infection

• ventilator associated pneumonia

risk factors for VRE

• compromised immune systems

• recent surgery

• invasive devises

• prolonged antibiotic use

• prolonged hospitalization

C diff prevention

• avoiding electronic equipment

• disinfecting dedicated patient care items and equipemtn

• using full barrier contact percautions

• placing patients in private rooms

• performing meticulous hand hygiene

bodys defense against infection

• bodys normal flora

• inflammatory response

• immune response

Donning Order (Putting On)

Hand Hygiene: Wash hands or use an alcohol-based hand rub first.

Gown: Fully cover your torso from neck to knees, arms to wrists, and wrap around the back; fasten ties.

Mask or Respirator: Secure ties or bands, fit the flexible band to your nose bridge, and check the seal.

Goggles or Face Shield: Place over your face and eyes and adjust to fit.

Gloves: Pull gloves up to cover the wrists and cuffs of the gow

Doffing Order (Taking Off)

Gloves: Peel off carefully, touching only the outside of the glove, and discard.

Goggles or Face Shield: Remove by handling the headband or ear pieces from behind.

Gown: Unfasten ties, pull away from the neck and shoulders touching only the inside, and roll it inside out.

Mask or Respirator: Grasp the bottom and top ties or elastics from behind and pull straight off without touching the front.

Hand Hygiene: Perform hand hygiene immediately after removing all PPE.

standard percations

used in care of all hospitalized patients

apply to blood all bodily fluids secretions and excretions except sweat

new additions are respiratory hygiene cough etiquette safe injection practices and directions to use mask when performing high risk prolonged procedures

transmission based precautions

for patients in hospitals with suspected infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne droplet or contact routes

aseptic technique

medical asepsis- clean

surgical asepsis-sterile

use of surgical asepsis

operating room, labor and delivery areas

certain diagnostic testing areas

patient bedside- catheter