Nucleic acids

What are the building blocs of nucleic acids? (1)

nucleotides

What atoms are nucleic acids made of? (1)

C, H, O, N, P

What are 2 examples of a nucleic acid? (2)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

What are the basic building blocks (nucleotides) of DNA/RNA made of? (3)

• Phosphate group

• A monosacchride (pentose sugar)

• An organic Base aka Nitrogenous base aka nucleobase (AT/UGC)

What shape does DNA take? (1)

A double stranded helix

What Sugar is in a DNA nucleotide? (1)

Deoxyribose

What organic bases does DNA have and how many hydrogen bonds does each base pair make? (2)

A → T (2 hydrogen bonds)

G → C (3 hydrogen bonds)

What does DNA do? (1)

Store genetic info of all cellular organisms

What is DNA the main component of?

Chromosomes

What can chromosomes do? (1)

Encode genes that are used to make RNA

What does RNA look like? (1)

A single stranded molecule

What sugar is in each nucleotide for RNA? (1)

Ribose

What bases and base pairs is RNA composed of and how many hydrogen bonds does each base pair have? (2)

A → U (2 hydrogen bonds)

G→ C (3 hydrogen bonds)

What is RNA made from and what is RNA used to make? (2)

DNA → RNA (transcription+translation) → Protein

What bond is it when the 3’ carbon of one nucleotide is linked to the 5’ carbon of the next nucleotide via a phosphate group? (1)

Phosphodiester bond

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) composed of? (3)

• Ribose sugar

• Adenine

• 3 Phosphate groups (PO43-)

What is significant about the order of the bases? (1)

It is specific as it forms genetic instructions for the organism

The bonds between the phosphate groups contain what, and what can it be used for? (2)

• Contains very high energy

• Can be used to drive processes within the cell

What happens when ATP loses phosphate groups? (2)

ATP → ADP → AMP