chemistry- chapter 7

chemical reaction

a process that rearranges the atoms in any substance(s) to produce one or more different substances; the process that creates chemical changes

product

a substance that is created or released in a chemical reaction

aqueous (aq)

dissolved in water

balanced chemical equation

a chemical equation that satisfies the law of conservation of mass, when the total numbers of atoms of each element are the same on both the reactant side and the product side of a chemical equation

single replacement

a reaction in which a single element replaces another element in a compound, also known as displacement

combustion

a chemical reaction that involves the rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen

polymer

a long-chain molecule formed by connecting small repeating units with covalent bonds; a molecule built up from many repeating units of a smaller molecular fragment

chemical equation

an expression that describes the changes that happen in a chemical reaction, typically of the form reactants → products

insoluble

not dissolvable in a particular solvent

law of conservation of matter

states that the total mass of reactants (starting materials) and the total mass of products (materials produced by the reaction) is the same

synthesis

a reaction in which two substances combine to form a third substance, also known as a combination reaction

double replacement

reactions in which positive ions are exchanged between compounds; also known as double displacement

hydrocarbon

a molecule made entirely from carbon and hydrogen atoms

polymerization

a reaction that assembles a polymer through repeated additions of smaller molecular fragments

reactant

a substance that is used or changed in a chemical reaction; the starting material or substance in a chemical reaction

soluble

a substance that is able to dissolve in water.

unbalanced chemical equation

does not satisfy the law of conservation of mass because the number of each type of atom on the reactant side does not equal the same number for each atom on the product side

decomposition

a reaction in which a single substance breaks apart to form two or more new substances

precipitate

an insoluble compound that forms in a chemical reaction in aqueous solution

spectator ion

an ion that does not change its oxidation state and exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a reaction