Intro to Psych - Chapter 1 Vocabulary

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Wilhelm Wundt

German physician that developed psychology as a scientific discipline in 1879

Edward Tichener *

British psychologist who established the first psychological laboratory in the United States at Cornell University

Prescientific Psychology

Mental (internal) processes were often described in spiritual or religious terms

Ethics in Animal Research

Ethical standards and guidelines for research activities involving animals

Negative Coefficient

Denotes an indirect relationship; as one variable increases the other decreases & vice versa

Khaba

Motion (movement) and emotion

Ethical Standards

Provide guidance for professionals and students in their research

American Psychological Association (APA)

Established the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct

Hippocrates

Greek scholar known as the father of medicine

Akhu

Intelligence and mental perception

Aaron Beck

Father of cognitive therapy

Experimental Research

Examines cause-and-effect relationships between variables

Josef Breuer *

Physician that mentored Freud

Socrates

Greek philosopher pioneer of critical thinking

Plato

Greek philosopher; student of Socrates that believed in superiority of reason

Sigmund Freud

Jewish doctor that pioneered psychoanalysis/psychodynamic perspective

Descriptive Research

Provides a description of behavior and/or mental processes; describes how changes in one variable relate to changes in another variable

Experiment

Allows a researcher to evaluate how one variable causes changes in another variable

Sociocultural

Interaction of social, cultural, and environmental determinants of behavior

Naturalistic Research

Making systematic observations in a natural setting (unobtrusive)

John B. Watson

American doctor; father of behaviorism

Positive Coefficient

Indicates a direct relationship; both variables either increase or decrease together

Ba

Breath of life from God to humans

Seb

Puberty and reproductive potential

Hieroglyphs *

Appear on and within various structures of Kemet/Egypt; examples of what the people were thinking

Psyche

Derived from the Kemet word “Sakhu” by the Greeks; the soul

Albert Ellis

Cognitive therapists calls types of beliefs and thoughts irrational

Papyrus *

Scrolls referred to the world’s first “sacred text”

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Unconscious processes that influence behavior based on past experiences

Operant conditioning

Reinforcing behavior (“good job”, getting a bonus, etc) rather than punishment

Ka

The physical body

Putah

Union of the mind and brain

Sakhu

Made by Kemet philosophers; understanding the illuminator, the eye and soul of being

Jean-Martin Charcot *

France leading neurologist; influenced Freud’s focus on the mental aspects of physical problems

Scientific Method

Identifying the problem by making observations, creating hypotheses, then refining the hypotheses

Humanistic

Human motivation & self-actualization; realizing one’s fullest potential

Biological Perspective

Physiological basis to all behavior; brain is key in understanding behavior

Immediate Conscious Experiences *

Made by Wundt; major objective all thoughts, feelings, ideas, etc that come to one’s mind

Psychology

Branch of study concerned with increasing our understanding of the physical, mental, spiritual, and behavioral experiences that occur in everyday life

Imhotep

Father of philosophy and psychology in Ancient Kemet

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Reviews research to examine the risks that may be present and to examine the scientific value of the research

Ivan Pavlov

Russian physiologist discovered classical conditioning

Introspection

Made by Wundt; Research participants are trained to examine their thoughts in the self-reflective

Carl Rogers

Pioneer of the humanistic movement

Aristotle

Greek philosopher greatest influence in psychology

Atmu

Procreation and parenthood

Correlational Research

Compares changes in the level of one variable to change in the levels of another variable

B.F. Skinner

Father of radical behaviorism and the founder of operant conditioning

Cognitive Perspective

Influence of thinking on behavior; irrational beliefs & cognitive distortions

Correlation Coefficient

Statistic that indicates how strong a relationship between two variables are