History - Document Analysis

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push factors

• Poverty and Famine: Many Chinese migrants came from Guangdong, an area suffering from overpopulation, crop failures, and food shortages.

• Political Instability: The Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) created chaos, violence, and economic hardship, forcing many to seek opportunities elsewhere.

• Heavy Taxation: The Qing government imposed high taxes, making it difficult for peasants and small business owners to survive.

• Limited Opportunities: There were few job opportunities in China, especially in rural areas, leading people to seek work overseas. common job was to be a peasant farmer in china

Pull factors

• Gold Rush: The discovery of gold in Victoria and New South Wales (1850s) promised the chance to earn wealth quickly.

• Economic Opportunities: Besides gold mining, Chinese migrants found work as merchants, farmers, and laborers.

• Higher Wages: Even low-paying jobs in Australia offered better wages than many occupations in China.

• Clan and Community Support: Established Chinese communities in Australia provided support networks for new arrivals.

sources for tension between chinese and European miners

why some chinese miners stayed after goldrush ended

-comunity development- help of societies and associations
- own entrepreneurial ventures or working on market gardens
- china has economic and social instability
-high cost of returning to china- travel fees
- less poverty, more opportunities, better wage
- china is coming out of a rebellion ch

difficulties Chinese faced as they trekked to goldfields

reactions of european miners for Chinese on goldfields

reactions of Chinese to growing discriminatory acts

Reasons for federation TEEL : TOPIC SENTENCE

TRADE AND TRANSPORT

DEFENCE

IMMIGRATION

NATIONALISM

CONCLUSION