Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the three subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What are the charges of subatomic particles?

Protons- positive, Neutrons- neutral, Electrons- negative.

How is the mass of an atom calculated?

By adding protons and neutrons.

Where are protons and neutrons located?

In the nucleus.

Where are electrons located?

Surrounding the nucleus.

What is the mass of a proton?

1 atomic mass unit (1 amu).

What is the mass of a neutron?

1 atomic mass unit (1 amu).

What is the overall charge of an element?

Neutral.

How do you find the number of protons in an atom?

By looking at the atomic number.

How do you find the number of electrons in an atom?

It is equal to the number of protons.

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Atomic mass - protons = neutrons.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons farthest from the nucleus, responsible for bonding.

How do you determine the number of electron shells an element has?

The period it is in corresponds to the number of electron shells.

How do you determine the number of valence electrons an element has?

By identifying the group/family it belongs to.

Why is helium in group 18?

It has a full valence shell with 2 electrons.

How many electrons can the second and third shells hold?

8 electrons.

Why do we draw Bohr models?

To visualize the subatomic particles in an atom.

Why do we draw Lewis dot diagrams?

To focus on the valence electrons only.

What are the properties of alkali metals?

Highly reactive, soft, low density.

What are the properties of alkaline earth metals?

Good conductors, silver, reactivity increases down the group.

What are the properties of halogens?

Greater than air density, poisonous, very reactive.

What are the properties of noble gases?

Full valence shell, unreactive, found free in nature.

What is the base unit of length?

Meter.

What is the base unit of mass?

Gram.

What is the base unit of volume?

Liter or cm³.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

How do molecules act in cold temperatures?

They slow down and move closer together.

How do molecules act in hot temperatures?

They speed up and spread further apart.

Put the states of matter in order from fastest to slowest moving molecules.

Gas, liquid, solid.

Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

Solid.

Which state of matter has a definite volume but not a definite shape?

Liquid.

Which state of matter does not have a definite volume or shape?

Gas.

What happens to molecules of a liquid when it freezes?

They slow down and move closer together into a defined shape.

What happens to molecules of a solid when it melts?

They speed up and begin moving past one another.

What is a physical property?

A characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance.

What is a chemical property?

A characteristic that describes its ability to change into a different substance.

What does viscosity refer to?

How fast or slow a liquid flows.

What is solubility?

The ability of a substance to dissolve.

What is the definition of evaporation?

Liquid to gas.

What is the definition of condensation?

Gas to liquid.

What is the definition of melting?

Solid to liquid.

What is the definition of freezing?

Liquid to solid.