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New Frontier
Proposed domestic program championed by the incoming Kennedy administration in 1961 that aimed to jump-start the economy and trigger social progress
Bay of Pigs (1961)
Failed CIA operation that deployed Cuban rebels to overthrow Fidel Castro's Communist regime
Berlin Wall
Twenty-seven-mile-long concrete wall constructed in 1961 by East German authorities to stop the flow of East Germans fleeting to West Berlin
Cuban missile crisis (1962)
Thirteen-day US-Soviet standoff sparked by the discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba; closest the world has come to nuclear war since 1945
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comittee (SNCC)
interracial organization formed in 1960 with the goal of intensifying the effort to end racial segregation
Freedom Riders
Activists who, beginning in 1961, traveled by bus through the South to test federal court rulings that banned segregation on buses and trains
March on Washington (1963)
Civil rights demonstration on the National Mall, where MLK Jr gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech
Black power movement
Militant form of civil rights protest focused on urban communities in the North that emerged as a response to impatience with the nonviolent tactics of MLK jr
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment, passed at the urging of Pres Lyndon B Johnson
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Key legislation in Pres Johnson's "War on Poverty" that created the Office of Economic Opportunity and programs like Head Start and the work-study financial-aid program for low-income college students
Great Society
Term coined by Pres Lyndon B Johnson in his 1965 State of the Union address, in which he proposed legislation to address problems of voting rights, poverty, diseases, education, immigration, and the environment
Medicare and Medicaid
Health-care programs designed to aid the elderly and disadvantaged, respectively, as part of Pres Johnson's Great Society initiative
Immigration and Nationality Service Act of 1965
Legislation that abolished discriminatory quotas based upon immigrants' national origin and treated all nationalities and all races equally
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Legislation ensuring that all Americans were able to vote; ended literacy tests and other means of restricting voting rights
Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964)
Congressional action that granted the Pres unlimited authority to defend US forces abroad after an allegedly unprovoked attack on American warships off the coast of North Vietnam
Tet Offensive (1968)
Surprise attack by Viet Cong guerrillas and North Vietnamese army on US and South Vietnamese forces that shocked the American public and led to widespread sentiment against the war
Chicago Democratic National Convention
Convention in 1968 where the social unrest over the Vietnam War and civil rights movement came to a violent head between student protesters and the Chicago police. Hubert H Humphrey was ultimately nominated as the presidential candidate for the Democratic Party
silent majority
Term popularized by Pres Richard Nixon to describe the great majority of American voters who did not express their political opinions publically; "the non-demonstrators."
