APUSH MP1 IDs & Definitions FULL LIST

Yawp Chapter 1,3,4,5,6 ids and definitions for marking period 1. Shortened list: https://knowt.com/flashcards/cd859359-4b9a-470d-a66e-1b2dea4e663f

Thomas Harriot

English scientist and writer who accompanied an expedition to Roanoke in 1585 and recorded observations about the land resources and Indigenous peoples; his writings helped promote English interest in colonization.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America founded in Virginia in 1607 by the Virginia Company; survived largely because tobacco became a profitable cash crop.

Haudenosaunee

Confederacy of Indigenous nations in the Northeast originally consisting of the Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Cayuga and Seneca; their political alliance gave them greater power in diplomacy and warfare.

Covenant Chain

Series of diplomatic agreements between the Haudenosaunee and European colonial powers especially the British; created alliances based on trade diplomacy and military cooperation.

Puritans

English Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England; many settled in New England and created communities based on their religious beliefs.

Spanish Black Legend

European propaganda portraying Spain as unusually cruel and brutal toward Indigenous peoples; English colonizers used it to justify English colonization and criticize Spanish imperialism.

Northwest Passage

Supposed water route through North America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; European powers searched for it as a faster route to Asian trade.

Slave Codes

Colonial laws that defined enslaved Africans as property and restricted their rights movement and behavior; helped make racial slavery a permanent legal institution.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 Virginia uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley; exposed class tensions and helped encourage Virginia's shift toward greater reliance on enslaved African labor.

Calverts

Family that received a proprietary charter for Maryland from the English Crown; helped establish Maryland as a proprietary colony and supported religious toleration for Catholics.

Quakers

Protestant religious group emphasizing spiritual equality personal faith and opposition to established religious authority; strongly associated with Pennsylvania and religious toleration.

Pequot War

1637 conflict between English colonists and their Indigenous allies against a certain Native American people in New England; demonstrated English military power and contributed to Indigenous loss of land.

Tobacco as Money

Tobacco could function as commodity money because it had value and could be traded or used to pay debts; shows the importance of tobacco to the colonial economy.

British Sugar Production

Profitable Caribbean plantation industry based heavily on enslaved African labor; sugar connected the colonies to Britain's larger Atlantic economy.

Navigation Acts

British laws regulating colonial trade and requiring certain goods to be carried on English ships or sold through English markets; represented mercantilism and increased colonial resentment.

Nonimportation Agreements

Colonial agreements to stop importing British goods as a protest against British trade restrictions and taxes; used economic pressure against Britain and encouraged colonial unity.

Stono Rebellion

1739 slave uprising in South Carolina in which enslaved Africans attempted to resist slavery and escape; frightened slaveholders and contributed to stricter slave laws.

Provincial Colony

Colony in which a governor was appointed by the British Crown; gave Britain significant political control over the colony.

Proprietary Colony

Colony granted by the Crown to an individual or group of proprietors who controlled its government; examples include Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Charter Colony

Colony governed under a charter that gave colonists significant control over their government; encouraged traditions of colonial self-government.

Social Contract

Political idea that government exists through an agreement with the people and must protect their rights; strongly associated with John Locke and later influenced the Declaration of Independence.

Increase Mather

Influential Puritan minister in colonial New England who promoted religious revival; helped create the religious environment that led toward the Great Awakening.

Great Awakening

Religious revival movement that spread through the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s; emphasized personal faith and challenged established religious authority.

Revivalism

Religious movement emphasizing emotional conversion personal faith and dramatic preaching; became a major feature of the Great Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards

New England preacher and major figure of the Great Awakening; famous for powerful sermons emphasizing human sinfulness and personal conversion.

George Whitefield

English evangelical preacher who traveled throughout the colonies during the Great Awakening; attracted huge crowds and helped spread revivalism between colonies.

Natchez War

Conflict in the 1720s between French colonists and the Natchez Indigenous people in the Mississippi region; demonstrated competition over land resources and imperial expansion.

Seven Years' War

Global conflict from 1756 to 1763 between Britain France and their allies; in North America it was called the French and Indian War and ended with Britain gaining major territory.

Treaty of Paris 1763

Treaty that ended the Seven Years' War; France lost most of its North American territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain.

Pontiac's War

Indigenous resistance movement against British control and settlement in the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley after the Seven Years' War; showed that Britain could not freely expand westward.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

British order prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; intended to reduce conflict with Indigenous peoples but angered colonists who wanted western land.

John Locke

Enlightenment philosopher who argued that people possess natural rights such as life liberty and property and that government gets its legitimacy from the consent of the governed; heavily influenced American revolutionary thought.

Sugar Act

1764 British law placing duties on sugar and other imports and strengthening enforcement of trade laws; was an early postwar attempt to raise revenue from the colonies.

Currency Act

1764 British law restricting the colonies' use of paper money as legal tender for debts; increased colonial economic resentment toward Britain.

Stamp Act

1765 British tax requiring stamps on printed materials such as newspapers legal documents and licenses; caused widespread colonial protest over taxation without representation.

Virginia Resolves

Resolutions passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses arguing that Virginians had the same rights as British citizens and that taxation required representation; challenged Parliament's authority to tax the colonies.

Declaratory Act

1766 British law passed after the repeal of the Stamp Act declaring that Parliament had authority to make laws for the colonies in all cases; showed that Britain still claimed complete authority over the colonies.

Townshend Acts

1767 British laws placing duties on imported goods such as glass paper paint lead and tea; caused protests boycotts and renewed conflict between colonists and Britain.

Boston Massacre

1770 confrontation in Boston in which British soldiers killed five colonists after tensions escalated; Patriots used the event as propaganda against British military occupation.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason science natural laws individual rights and challenges to traditional authority; influenced colonial ideas about government and natural rights.

Scientific Enlightenment

Enlightenment emphasis on observation reason and scientific methods to understand the natural world; encouraged people to question traditional explanations and authority.

Natural Laws

Enlightenment belief that the universe and human society operate according to discoverable principles; influenced ideas about natural rights and rational government.

Challenging Authority

Enlightenment idea that traditional rulers and institutions should be questioned using reason and evidence; helped colonists question British political authority.

Continental Congress

Meeting of colonial delegates that coordinated resistance to Britain and later directed the Revolutionary War; the First Continental Congress responded to the Coercive Acts and the Second Continental Congress managed the war and declared independence.

Regulating Act

1773 British law that reformed the government of the East India Company; part of the broader British effort to regulate imperial economic institutions and related to the context surrounding the Tea Act.

Tea Act

1773 British law allowing the East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies while keeping the existing tea tax; colonists saw it as an attempt to make them accept Parliament's power to tax.

Boston Tea Party

1773 protest in which colonists associated with the Sons of Liberty dumped British East India Company tea into Boston Harbor; directly challenged British authority and led to the Coercive Acts.

Sons of Liberty

Colonial resistance organization that opposed British taxation through protests boycotts and political pressure; played important roles in resistance to the Stamp Act Townshend Acts and Tea Act.

Coercive Acts

1774 British laws punishing Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party; colonists viewed them as an attack on their rights and they helped unite the colonies against Britain.

Continental Association

Agreement created by the First Continental Congress in 1774 to boycott British goods and enforce nonimportation; coordinated colonial economic resistance.

Lexington and Concord

April 1775 battles between British troops and Massachusetts militia; marked the beginning of open armed conflict in the American Revolution.

Continental Army

Army created by the Second Continental Congress in 1775 to fight Britain; unified colonial military forces under George Washington.

Thomas Paine

Political writer who supported American independence; his pamphlet Common Sense argued that monarchy was unreasonable and that the colonies should become independent.

Common Sense

1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine arguing that the American colonies should declare independence from Britain; helped make the argument for independence understandable to ordinary colonists.

Declaration of Independence

1776 document adopted by the Second Continental Congress declaring the thirteen colonies independent; justified independence using Enlightenment ideas about natural rights consent of the governed and the right to replace an oppressive government.

Articles of Confederation

First written constitution of the United States creating a loose union of states with a weak central government; reflected Americans' fear of centralized authority after their experience with Britain.