Biology: DNA Scientists

Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?

Oswald Avery

Who was responsible for the experiment depicted by the image/data table?

Frederick Griffith

If Chargaff found that a sample of DNA has 30% THYMINE, how much GUANINE would he have calculated to be there?

20%

Who was responsible for the experiment depicted by the image?

Rosalind Franklin

What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?

A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts

Rosalind Franklin's "Photo 51" allowed Watson and Crick to determine the ___ of DNA.

Shape

From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffin coined the term

Transformation

The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase and Franklin helped us to determine the __ are responsible for carrying genetic material.

Nucleic Acids

By using radioactive isotopes, Hershey and Chase were able to conclude that __ is/are the carrier(s) of genetic information.

DNA

Scientist Griffith mixed dead, virulent, pneumonia-causing bacteria with living, harm-less bacteria. The harmless bacteria than infected mice with pneumonia. This experiment showed the process of....

transformation

Who was responsible for the model shown?

Watson and Crick

The work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of...

nitrogen base pairing

If Chargaff found that a sample of DNA has 20% ADENINE, how much GUANINE would he have determined to be there?

30%

What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?

Building the first accurate 3D model of DNA

transcription

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

translation

the process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome

mRNA

type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

tRNA

type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

codon

sequence of three bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

complementary base pairing

In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C;
RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C

ribosome

Organelles at which proteins are synthesized. Made of rRNA

nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA. DNA can not leave.

amino acid

Building block of protein. There are 20 types.

adenine

pairs with uracil in RNA, thymine in DNA

cytosine

pairs with guanine

nitrogenous bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail

deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

ribose

sugar in RNA

nucleotide

consists of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

RNA

A nucleic acid that carries information from DNA to ribosomes