1. British Values, Rights, Identity, and Migration

What is citizenship?

Being a citizen with rights and responsibilities, e.g., voting and paying taxes in the UK.

What is democracy?

A system where citizens vote for representatives who make laws, e.g., UK elections.

What are British Values?

Core UK ideals: democracy, rule of law, liberty, tolerance, and mutual respect.

What is multiculturalism?

Co-existence of different cultures and religions, e.g., diverse communities in Birmingham.

What is tolerance?

Respecting others’ beliefs and opinions, e.g., celebrating different religious festivals.

What is the rule of law?

Everyone must follow the law; no one is above it, e.g., MPs prosecuted in 2009 scandal.

What is individual liberty?

Freedom to act within the law, e.g., freedom of speech and assembly.

What is migration?

Movement of people between countries.

What is emigration?

Leaving a country to live elsewhere, e.g., British citizens moving to Australia.

What is immigration?

Moving into a country to live or work, e.g., EU citizens moving to the UK.

What are multiple identities?

Having several identities that may sometimes conflict, e.g., UK-born with Indian heritage.

What are human rights?

Basic rights everyone is entitled to, e.g., right to life, freedom of expression.

How do citizens practice democracy?

Vote in elections and participate in decision-making.

How is the rule of law practiced?

Everyone follows the law, e.g., criminals prosecuted regardless of status.

How is individual liberty practiced?

Freedom to make choices legally, e.g., joining a peaceful protest or choosing a religion.

How is tolerance practiced?

Respecting cultural and lifestyle differences, e.g., schools celebrating Eid or Diwali.

What is mutual respect?

Treating others considerately and valuing opinions, e.g., listening in debates.

What influences identity?

Birthplace, nationality, and heritage, e.g., someone born in England may identify as British and English.

How does migration affect identity?

Migration increases multiple identities, e.g., children with UK and French parents identify with both cultures.

What are push factors?

Reasons people leave a country, e.g., war, low wages, political instability.

What are pull factors?

Reasons people come to a country, e.g., free healthcare, education, jobs.

What is EU migration to the UK?

Freedom of movement since 2004 increased migration, e.g., Polish citizens moving to work.

What were migration stats?

2015: 350,000 net migration; 2019: 220,000 moved to the UK.

What are human rights in the UK?

Protected since 1997, e.g., freedom of speech and religion.

What is the Equality Act 2010?

Protects people from discrimination, e.g., employers cannot refuse jobs based on skin color.

What are effects of migration?

Enriches culture but may create social tension, e.g., Brexit debates.

Why are rights and laws important?

Ensure fairness but need citizen participation, e.g., voting keeps democracy effective.

What is the United Kingdom?

Four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, each with its own identity and powers.

What powers does England have?

Laws made by UK Parliament, e.g., national curriculum for schools.

What powers does Scotland have?

Own Parliament controls health and education, e.g., no tuition fees for Scottish students.

What powers does Wales have?

Senedd controls education, health, transport, e.g., free prescriptions for residents.

What powers does Northern Ireland have?

Assembly manages justice, education, health, e.g., integrated schools support both communities.

How can UK citizens identify?

As British or by country (English, Scottish, Welsh, Northern Irish), e.g., culturally Scottish but holds UK passport.