Neuro -- Lobes of the Brain

Frontal lobe

func: decision making, volutnary motor control, speech, personality

Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus)

posterior frontal lobe; func: starts voluntary movement; organized somatotopically

Premotor Cortex

anterior to Precentral Gyrus; func: responds to stimuli, plans movement, programs motor patterns

Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA)

medial Frontal Lobe; func: planing complex and learned voluntary movement

Broca’s Area

left hemisphere; func: speech production, articulation planning

Prefrontal Cortex

anterior Frontal Lobe; split into 5 regions; func: high-level cognitive functions

Dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC)

func: working memory, planning from experience; relies on feedback loops

Ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC)

func: goal-orientated behavior, rule-following, cognitive inhibition (reducing distractions)

Ventralmedial PFC (vmPFC)

func: emotional regulation, risk assessment, moral reasoning

Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)

func: evaluates reward/punishments, impulse control

Medial PFC (mPFC)

func: self-awareness, empathy

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

func: autonomic functions (HR, BP)

ventral ACC (vACC)

func: emotional regulation

dorsal ACC (dACC)

func: cognitive regulation

Frontal Eye Fields (FEF)

func: voluntary saccadic (rapid eye) movements, visual attention

Parietal Lobe

func: processes sensory information —> spacial awareness, attention, movement

Postcentral Gyrus (Promary Somatosensory Cortex)

func: touch, pressure, temp, pain, proprioception (knowing where the body parts are); organized somatotopically

Superior Parietal Lobule (SPL)

func: spacial orientation, perception of oneself

Inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL)

func: language processing, numbering, reading, symbolic reasoning

Supramarginal Gyrus

subregion of IPL; sound processing, proprioception

Angular Gyrus

subregion of IPL; language processing, reading, math, spatial recognition

Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS)

func: movement coodingation, numerial processing, spatial attention, tracks objects

Temporal Lobe

func: processes auditory information, memory formation, language comprehension

Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG)

func: primary auditory processing, language comprehension; left hemisphere

Primary Auditory Cortex (Heschl’s Gyrus)

subregion of the STG; func: processes raw sound data (eg. pitch, tone, rhythm)

Posterior STG (Wernicke’s Area)

left hemisphere; func: decodes speech (adds meaning)

Middle Temporal Gyrus (MTG)

func: lang memory, word meaning, adds auditory and visual signals to understand meaning

Inferior Temporal Gyrus (ITG)

func: visual object & facial recognition; part of the ventral visual stream

Fusiform Gyrus

func: facial & written word recognition, analyzes fine details (familiar faces & words)

Parahippocampal Gyrus

func: memory encoding, scene recognition, supports episodic (long-term) memory through spatial and contextual info