Social Studies QE

Eat shit fuck you

324 CE

324 CE

This is the year Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium

Justinian

He is considered as one of the greatest Byzantine emperors. He launched conquests against Germanic tribes in the West in order to reunify the Roman Empire

Codex Justinianus/Justinian’s Code

The laws of Rome

Corpus Juris Civilis/Body of Civil Laws

Another name for Justinian’s Code

Hagia Sophia

This was built by Justinian and was his greatest achievement

Constantine the Great

Under him, the Christian Church grew and spread throughout the Roman Empire

Byzantine Churches

These churches adopted the use of Greek language and allowed their priests to marry

Western European Churches

These churches continued the use of Latin and didnt allow their priests to marry

726-843 CE

The rift between the Western European and Byzantine churches deepened further during these years

Iconoclastic Controversy

This caused the rift between the two Churches to deepen further

Iconoclasts

They were declared heretics by the Pope and were subjected to sanctions

Shahada

The first and foremost pillar of Islam

Salah

The second pillar of Islam which is the prayer ritual that has to be done five times a day

Allahu Akbar

The Salah prayer ritual involves prostration and the recitation of this phrase

There is but one God, and Muhammad is his Apostle/Prophet

Every Muslim is expected to profess his or her faith through this line

Saum

This is the third pillar of Islam and is the fasting during Ramadan

Ramadan

This is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar and involves the abstention from food and drink from sun-up and sun-down

Hajj

This is the fourth pillar of Islam and it is the pilgrimage to Mecca

Zakat

The fifth pillar of Islam which means alms giving. The name of this pillar literally means purification

Jihad or holy war

Islam is associated with this very often and it actually means striving or exerting oneself in the Way of God

Koran

The source of most of Islam’s ethical teachings as well as the basis for the system of law in society

Shari’a

Another name for law in islam

Sunna or the Way of the Prophet

This is another basis for Shari’a

476 CE

This was the year of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and it ushered in a period of confusion, chaos and violence in the area

Pop Gregory I, the Great

He stood out as an excellent example of how a Pope was able to assert his authority in matters of governance as well as expand the Church’s influence through missionary initiatives

Ostrogoths

Prior to Pope Gregory I becoming the Pope, Italy was overran with them

The Monastic Movement

The Church's involvement in politics exposed it to material comfort and pleasures, leading to corruption of traditional values among clergy, causing public reactions. This was the most significant reaction

Monasteries

Men and women established communities in isolated places where they vowed to live simple lives and devote themselves to a life of prayer and devotion. These were the communities

Decentralization

When Charlemagne’s empire collapsed shortly after his death, it signaled the return of this act

College of Cardinals

In an attempt to reestablish its independence from the temporal rulers, the Church established this system. It was tasked with the responsibility of electing the next Pope based on the Decree on Papal Election.

Heretic

One who held incorrect beliefs according to the Church

Inquisition

Another name for Church court

Bourgeoisie

The High Middle Ages was characterized by the decline of feudalism and the growth of towns. It witnessed the emergence of this that played a significant role in advancing people’s rights vis-á-vis the powers of government

1000 CE

This year was the end of the Viking Age

Age of Faith

This is another name for the High Middle Ages

Notre Dame

Many of the greatest cathedrals built during the High Middle Ages were in honor of the Virgin Mary; hence, they were often called this

Churches of our lady

Another name for Notre Dame

Bibles in stone

The greatest expression of faith at that time was the great cathedrals referred to as this

Peter Abelard

He was one of the earliest medieval philosophers to assert that fundamental theological thought and questions could be subjected to rigorous logic in order to better understand them

Sic et Non (Yes or No)

This is Peter Abelard’s most significant work where he presented various statements from Church fathers on various theological questions

St. Thomas Aquinas

He is a scholastic theologian who staunchly supported the view that reason could be used to explain faith

Summa Theologica

This is the most important work of St. Thomas Aquinas

Scholasticism

This is known as the school of thought that advocated using reason to elucidate on faith

Troubadours

poet-musicians who wrote about “unrequited love”

800 CE

This year is the beginning of the Viking Age

Alfred the Great

The Danes invaded England around the 9th century and were repelled by the Anglo-Saxons under this man’s leadership

William of Normandy in the Battle of Hastings

Pivotal to the establishment of England as a nation-state was the victory of this

Richard I, the Lion-hearted

The successor and son of Henry II who participated in the Crusades, making him an absentee monarch for most of his reign

John

The king in the absence of Richard I during his crusades

Philip Augustus II

He launched campaigns to dislodge the English from French lands

Magna Carta

John was forced to sign this as a condition imposed by the barons before they release money to help fund the war

Parliament

One of the most important institutions that limited the power of the king of England

Capetian Dynasty

The installation of Hugh Capet as a king of France in 987 gave rise to this

Henry VII

He laid the foundation for royal absolutism in France in the sixteenth century

Middle Ages

The evolution of Spain into a nation-state began during this era

Reconquista

In order to free Spain from the Muslims they launched this military campaign to boot out the Muslims from Spain and reestablish Christianity

1870

Italy achieved unification in this year

Black Death or bubonic plague

This deadly virus came to Europe via ships and caused a number of deaths, considering it as one of the worst disasters in history according to mankind

A flea-bite from an infected rat

The cause of the Black Death

Three to five days

As soon as symptoms appeared, that person’s death was within these days

Philip IV of France

He not only insisted on his right to impose these taxes but he also ignored the threat of excommunication issued by Pope Boniface VIII

Babylonian Captivity

The power of the French king over the Papacy was further strengthened when Clement V, a french clergy, became the Pope. He transferred his offices to Avignon, France. This period is known in Church history as this

Great Schism

Pope Urban VI created the College of Cardinals, resulting in two Popes simultaneously, in opposition to the French-dominated Collage of Cardinals, known as this

One Hundred Years War

When the last Capetian king died without a legitimate heir, it triggered this war

Joan of Arc

She led the French Army into victory at the Battle of Orleans in 1429. However, she was captured by the Burgundians and turned over to the English. She was tried and found guilty of witchcraft and heresy and burned at the stake in 1431.

Charles VII

To defend the French throne, he found a champion in Joan of Arc

Henry V

In the Battle of Agincourt, he defeated the French once again

The Treaty of Troyes

Henry V of England used the French’s downfall as leverage to negotiate this

Battle of Crecy

The fortunes of war favored the English in the beginning because of their effective use of the long bow. This gave the English the upper hand in this battle

Battle of Agincourt

Henry V defeated the French in this battle and negotiated the Treaty of Troyes

Charles VI of France

He agreed “to legitimate all of Henry’s conquests in northern France, disinherit his own son, and name the young English kind heir to the throne of France.”

Charles VII

When Henry and Charles died one after the other, he, the legitimate son of Charles VI, proclaimed himself king in defiance of the Treaty of Troyes

Henry VII

He ended the War of Roses after establishing a new royal house in 1485, the House of Tudor.

Kanishka

He was considered as the most powerful Kushan king who ruled Afghanistan and northwestern India

Peshawar

Kanishka became a patron of Buddhism and established his capital in here

Mahayana Buddhism

This school advocated the veneration of those who have achieved enlightenment but remained on the human plane in order to help other living beings known as bodhisattvas

Northern Asia, China, Mongolia, Tibet, and Japan

The school of Mahayana Buddhism spread throughout these areas

Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya, And Sri Lanka

Hinayana or Theravada School took place in these areas

Rajput warrior-kings

The Rajputs settled in northwestern India from central Asia and established small kingdoms ruled by these people

Kshatriyad

The Rajput warrior-kings converted to Hinduism and became members of

Brahman, Shiva, and Bishnu

Three Hindu gods emerged as the most prominent during the 800’s which were

Shiva

This god is the Destroyer

Brahman

This god is the Creator

Vishnu

This god is the Preserver

Mahmud, the Turkish Sultan of Ghazni

He launched several expeditions into India and left a trail of destruction along the way

Sultanates

These were established in various parts of northern India by 1000-1500

Babur

He led a series of invasions into India using the northern passes and is a descendant of Genghis Khan

Akbar

Grandson of Babur

Din Ilahi

Akbar embraced the virtue of tolerance for all faiths to the extent that he founded his own religion called

Guardian of Mankind

Akbar is considered as the greatest of the Mughal emperors earning him this title

Sui Wen-ti

He was the first ruler of the Sui Dynasty who took control of northern China and south

Yang-di

The successor of Sui Wen-ti who strengthened the kingdom by building the Grand Canal

T’ang Dynasty

China reached its Golden Age during the rule of this dynasty

T’ai-tsung

Founder of the Tang dynasty

Ch’ang-an

The capital city of the T’ang Dynasty

Li Po and Tu Fu

Two of the most prominent poets in the 700s

Wu Zhao

The first woman ruler of China

The Diamond Sutra

The oldest existing printed book in the world

Song dynasty

In this dynasty, the use of paper money was introduced and silk and porcelain became two of its most important luxury trade goods valued by the known world

Pi Sheng

The printing process for paper money was revolutionized by this guy with the movable type of printing