Unit 5 Chapter 6: Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Diatomic molecules

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

ionic bond

results from the electrical attraction between cations & anions
EN difference >1.7

polar-covalent bond

EN difference 0.3-1.69

single bond

one pair of electrons shared

double bond

two pairs of electrons shared

triple bond

three pairs of electrons shared

polar

electrons shared unequally

nonpolar

electrons shared equally

ionic bond rule

metal + nonmetal

covalent bond rule

nonmetal + nonmetal/metalloid

metallic bond rule

metal + metal

non-polar covalent bond

EN difference 0-0.3

shared, transferred

electrons are ______ in covalent bonding and ______ in ionic bonding

bond length

the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy

bond energy

the energy required to break a bond between two covalently bonded atoms

inverse

bond length and bond energy have a(n) _______ proportion

molecule

the smallest part of a covalently bonded substance with the properties of that substance

resonance

bonding in molecules or ions in which more than one correct Lewis structure can be drawn is known as ______

valence electrons

electrons involved in the formation of any bond

Chemical formula

a shorthand representation of the composition of a substance using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts which indicates the type of elements and ratio of atoms

melting point of an ionic compound

generally very high compared to covalent substances

metal atoms are strongly bonded by a mutually held sea of electrons

electrons are desocialized and free to move around all atoms of the metal

intramolecular forces

bonds between atoms

intermolecular forces

bonds between molecules

polyatomic ions

covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge

VSEPR; valence shell electron pair repulsion

a theory that states that bonded atoms and unshared electron pairs orient themselves as far apart from each other as possible

hydrogen

element that defies the octect rule, only needing two electrons

metals properties

-shiny
-good conductors of electricity
-malleable
-ductile

cations

positively charged ions

anions

negatively charged ions

identical covalent bonds

makes a nonpolar covalent bond

lone pairs

electrons not involved in a chemical bond