Chapter 36 Nutrition Practice Questions

A client with influenza is prescribed a diet that is rich in fiber and carbohydrates. Which would the nurse incorporate into the education plan as a major reason for the high fiber diet?

maintenance of normal bowel elimination

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin E

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland. Which nutritional deficiency will the nurse suspect is linked to the client's condition?

iodine

A nurse is learning about religious dietary restrictions at a nursing conference. Which religious meal selection should the nurse understand is appropriate?

Hindus: Vegetable plate

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites.

A nurse is removing an NG tube and notes epistaxis. What nursing interventions would the nurse perform in this situation? Select all that apply.

-Occlude both nares until bleeding has subsided.

-Ensure that client is in upright position.

-Document epistaxis in client's medical record.

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?

vitamin B12

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James?

overweight

A nurse is working with a client who is interested in losing weight. What suggestions can the nurse offer to this client in order to promote a healthy weight loss? Select all that apply.

-Increase the number of complex carbohydrates.

-Decrease the number of calories ingested.

-Increase physical activity.

A nurse is conducting client education with a woman who meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The nurse is teaching the client about the MyPlate tool for promoting healthy food intake. According to MyPlate, the highest proportion of food in each meal should consist of what?

Vegetables

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her 6-month-old infant. What does the nurse inform the mother?

New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 5 to 7 days.

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

Adulthood

A woman consumes pasta, grains, and other carbohydrates for which purpose

energy

A client is deficient in found to be deficient in vitamin K. What complications should the nurse closely assess for related to this deficiency?

bleeding tendencies

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?

Protein

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

negative nitrogen balance.

The charge nurse is observing a new nurse care for a client who is receiving a continuous feeding through a nasogastric feeding tube. Which action by the new nurse would require intervention by the charge nurse?

The new nurse places the client in the left lateral recumbent position.

An athlete wants to increase the intake of complex carbohydrates and asks the nurse about potential sources. Which food is considered a complex carbohydrate?

Pasta

A nurse is caring for a client who has a malabsorption disease. The nurse should understand that which structure in the gastrointestinal system absorbs the majority of digested food and minerals?

Small intestine

The nurse is preparing to administer an intermittent feeding to a client who has a feeding tube. The nurse is unable to aspirate gastric contents and realizes that the tube is clogged. Which action is correct?

Connect a syringe filled with warm water to the feeding tube and flush it out using gentle pressure.

Which nutrient is most vital to life?

water

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid. What nutritional deficiency is linked to an enlarged thyroid?

Iodine

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect?

Vitamin D

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching?

"My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins."

Which nursing student statement regarding vegetarian diets requires further teaching from the nursing instructor?

"According to research, vegetarians have a higher incidence of obesity than others."

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend?

milk

Which task may be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Feeding a client who is at risk for aspiration

What is an appropriate intervention when unexpected situations occur during the administration of a tube feeding?

If the tube becomes clogged when aspirating contents, use warm water and gentle pressure to remove the clog.

A client has had a stroke and will require long-term tube feeding. Which type of feeding tubes would be most appropriate for this client's needs?

Gastrostomy tube

A nurse is checking a client's capillary blood glucose level. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Touch the test strip directly to a drop of blood.

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

Low serum albumin levels

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm.

Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines?

Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding.

A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet and drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient?

Vitamin K

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

normal

A nursing student is teaching healthy nutrition to a client who is vegetarian. Which statement by the nursing student requires the nursing instructor to intervene?

"Obesity is closely linked with vegetarianism."

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?

Assess when client generally eats meals.

A client with anemia has been prescribed injections of B12. Which foods high in this vitamin will the nurse also recommend that the client consume? Select all that apply.

-lean steak

-milk

-yogurt

-saltwater fish

The nurse is caring for a client after a facial tumor was surgically removed. The primary care provider ordered a regular diet. Which diet modification would be the best choice for the client?

Pureed

A nurse is managing a client's continuous tube feeding via an NG tube. How often should the nurse check for residual?

Every 4 to 6 hours

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

vitamin b12

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

overweight

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR?

a client who has a fever

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which foods will the nurse identify as containing dietary protein? Select all that apply.

-beans

-nuts

-poultry

-fish

A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?

"My favorite drink is coffee with sugar."

The nurse is reviewing a client's most recent laboratory results, which reveal increases in hematocrit, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). After collaborating with the interdisciplinary team, what intervention is most appropriate?

Increase the client's fluid intake.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous tube feeding. The client has a gastric residual of 550 mL. The previous residual was 200 mL. What action should the nurse take?

Hold the enteral nutrition and notify the primary care provider.

The nurse is providing care for an older adult client who is recovering from pneumonia on the hospital's medical unit. The nurse sets up the client's dinner tray on his overbed table. The client then states, “I won't be having any of this.” What is the nurse's most appropriate response?

"Can you tell me why you don't want to have dinner tonight?"

The nurse has obtained a client's capillary blood glucose sample and the results are significantly lower than reference range. What is the nurse's priority action?

Assess the client for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

The nurse is teaching a client about ways in which to reduce sodium in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend that the client avoid? Select all that apply.

-cured ham

-table salt

-bacon

A nurse is caring for a client with a gastrostomy tube in place. Which is an accurate guideline for care of the insertion site?

If the gastric tube insertion site has healed and the sutures are removed, use soap and water to clean the site.

The nurse is caring for a client with a gastrostomy tube and notes a patchy, red rash at the insertion site. Which action would be most appropriate to address this concern?

Notify the health care provider for a prescription to apply an antifungal powder.