BIOL 2111-02 Chapter 14: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

CNS, PNS, ANS

Order which the nervous system follows…

Norepinephrine

What does the abbreviation “NE” stand for?

Autonomic Nervous System

(definition) INVOLUNTARY nervous system, with the main goal being to MAINTAIN homeostasis.

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

The 2 DIVISIONS of the ANS System…

Counter-balance each other

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic divisions…

Parasympathetic

(function) Controls REST, DIGESTION, and WASTE…

Parasympathetic

(definition) Keeps body energy LOW, while DIRECTIING digestion and elimination

Sympathetic

(function) Considered the FLIGHT OR FIGHT (stress) division…

Sympathetic

(definition) Prepares the body for THREATENING situations and EXERCISE…

Skeletal Muscle

Effectors of the Somatic Nervous System…

Glands, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle

Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System…

Somatic

(efferent pathway) Motor neuron’s cell body found in the SPINAL CORD (VENTRAL HORN), and AXONS extend to the SKELETAL MUSCLE

ANS

(efferent pathway) Two efferent neuron chains…

Preganglion Neuron

The term used to describe the efferent pathway of the FIRST CELL

CNS to another Ganglion Neuron

The path PREganglion Neuron’s take…

Postganglion Neuron

The term used to describe the efferent pathway of the SECOND CELL

Parasympathetic

(efferent pathway) LONG preganglionic axon, SHORT postganglionic axon, ends near EFFECTOR ORGAN

Sympathetic

(efferent pathway) SHORT preganglionic axon, LONG postganglionic axon, ends near VETERBAE

Somatic

(Somatic, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) Which system is being depicted in the model?

Acetycholine

A

Skeletal Muscle

B

Spinal Cord

C

Acetylcholine

A

Ganglion

B

Nicotinic

C

Muscartinic

D

Smooth and Cardiac Muscle

E

Parasympathetic

(Somatic, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) Which system is being depicted in the model?

Sympathetic

(Somatic, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) Which system is being depicted in the model?

Acetylcholine

A

Ganglion

B

Nicotinic

C

Norepinephrine

D

Adrenergic

E

Smooth and Cardiac Muscle

F

Acetylcholine

(neurotransmitters) Which neurotransmitter is present in the Somatic Nervous System?

Acetylcholine

(neurotransmitters) Which neurotransmitter is present in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine

(neurotransmitters) Which neurotransmitter is present in the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Somatic

(origin) Which nervous system is found in the VENTRAL HORN of the SPINAL CORD?

Parasympathetic

(origin) Which nervous system is found in the CRANIOSACRAL DIVSION?

Cell bodies in Cranial Nerves and the Sacral Spinal Cord

The Craniosacral Division is COMPOSED of…

Oculomotor, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus

(origin) The CRANIAL NERVES found in the Parasympathetic Nervous System…

Pupil constricts and changes lens shape

(function) Oculomotor

Glands of the head (lacrimal, nasal, salivary)

(function) Facial

Parotid salivary gland

(function) Glossopharyngeal

90% of Parasympathetic fibers extend through every organ in the thoracic and abdominal cavity

(function) Vagus

Sympathetic

(origin) Which nervous system is found in the THORACOLUMBAR DIVISION?

Sympathetic Trunk

The THORACOLUMBAR DIVISON makes up the…

Somatic

(branching) Depends on the MOTOR UNIT (small/large)

Parasympathetic

(branching) MINIMAL

Sympathetic

(branching) EXTENSIVE

Parasympathetic

(effect and duration) LOCAL effect, SHORT-LIVED duration

Sympathetic

(effect and duration) DIFFUSED effect, LONG-LIVED duration

Norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter has a LONGER affect than ACETYLCHOLINE?

Ion Channels and G-protein Coupling Receptors

What are two forms of receptors?

Neurotransmitter

Each (BLANK) will activate its own specific receptor

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

(receptors) What TWO types of RECEPTORS bind to Acetylcholine?

Nicotinic

(definition) Has an EXCITED EFFECT, found on POSTGANGLIONIC CELL (and SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER), and requires an ION CHANNEL

Muscarinic

(definition) Can either have an EXCITED or INHIBITORY EFFECT, found on EFFECTORS, and requires a G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR

Alpha and Beta Adrenergic

(receptors) What TWO types of receptors bind to the Norepinephrine?

Alpha Adrenergic

(definition) Has either an EXCITED or INHIBITORY EFFECT, TWO subtypes (a1 and a2), found on EFFECTORS, and requires a G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR

Beta Adrenergic

(definition) Has either an EXCITED or INHIBITORY EFFECT, THREE subtypes (b1, b2, b3), found on EFFECTORS, and requires a G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR

A1 and A2

(receptors) What subtypes are found in Alpha Adrenergic Receptors? (2)

B1, B2, B3

(receptors) What subtypes are found in Beta Adrenergic Receptors? (3)

Agonist

(definition) a DRUG that BINDS to the RECEPTOR and ACTIVATES the receptor (mimicking a neurotransmitter)

Antagonist

(definition) a DRUG that BINDS to the RECEPTOR and INHIBITS the receptor (no activity)

Brain Stem, Hypothalamus, Cerebral Cortex

ANS is regulated by which nervous structures?

Brain Stem

(autonomic functions) Houses automatic centers

Hypothalamus

(autonomic functions) main ANS integrative center (control center)

Cerebral Cortex

(autonomic functions) via limbic lobe connections INFLUENCES hypothalamic function

Somatic Reflex Arc

Visceral Reflexes contain the SAME 5 components as…

Two Motor Neurons

The key DIFFERENCE between Visceral Reflexes and the Somatic Reflex Arc is that Visceral Reflexes CONTAIN…

Referred Pain

(definition) PAIN arising in the VISCERA are perceived as SOMATIC IN ORIGIN, because VISCERAL PAIN TRAVELS along the SAME pathways as SOMATIC PAIN

Heart Attack causes pain in the Left Arm and Chest

Example of REFERRED PAIN…

Dual Innervation

(definition) Most visceral organs receive innervations from BOTH ANS divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

Antagonism

Most innervation work by…

Antagonism

(definition) Two divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic) have OPPOSITE EFFECTS (one increase, other decreases), which allows for precise control of visceral activity.

Cooperative Interaction

(definition) Two divisions (parasympathetic and sympathetic) WORK TOGETHER

Male Genitals leading to Ejaculation

Example of COOPERATIVE INTERACTION between Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Divisions…

Sympathetic

(function) Which division CONTROLS blood pressure by changing the size of the blood vessel?

Sympathetic Zone

(definition) At REST, there is CONTINUAL sympathetic activity to the blood vessel, keeping the vessels in a state of PARTIAL constriction.

Increase Contraction (vasoconstriction)

If the Sympathetic Nervous System INCREASES NOREPINEPHRINE…

Decrease Contraction (vasodilation)

If the Sympathetic Nervous System DECREASES NOREPINEPHRINE…

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DECREASES Heart Rate

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) INCREASES Heart Rate

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONSTRICTS (close) Eye Pupil

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DILATES (opens) Eye Pupil

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DECREASES SECRETION of Saliva Glands

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) INCREASES SECRETION of Saliva Glands

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONSTRICTS (close) Lung-Bronchioles

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DILATES (open) Lung-Bronchioles

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DECREASES Digestive Organs Activity

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) INCREASES Digestive Organs Activity

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) RELAXES (stores urine) Bladder-Wall

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONTRACTS (eliminates urine) Bladder-Wall

Parasympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) RELAXES (eliminates urine) Bladder-Sphincters

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONTRACTS (stores urine) Bladder-Sphincters

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONSTRICTS Blood Vessels in the Stomach

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) DILATES Blood Vessels in the Stomach

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic/sympathetic) CONTRACTS the Arrector Pili Muscle (goosebumps)