Ch. 3 Study guide - Cell structure

phospholipid

major lipid in cellular membranes

cholesterol

about 25% of lipid in membranes

chromatin

DNA and associated proteins that stain

lysosomes

bags of degrading enzymes

mitochondria

membrane bound organelle that produces ATP

nucleoli

site of ribosomal subunit assembly/production

centrioles

microtubule nucleation (formation)

polar head + hydrophobic tail

amphipathetic

glycoproteins and glycolipids

extracellular surface of plasma membrane

osmosis, passive transport

no ATP usage

carrier proteins required

facilitated diffusion

vesicular transport

endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

symporters

move two substances in the same direction

active transport

moving materials up a concentration gradient

supported by microfilaments

microvili

microvilli

increased surface area of a plasma membrane

water channels

aquaporins

crenation

cell shrinking

result of mitosis

two identical diploid cells

clathrin

receptor-ligand mediated endocytosis

mRNA

codes for amino acid sequence in protein

microtubules

cilia and flagella

tubulin

microtubule building blocks

actin

protein subunits of microfilaments

rough endoplasmic reitculum

synthesis of secretory proteins and membranes

uracil

substitutes for thymine in RNA

golgi complex

packaging of secretory proteins

strong oxidation reactions

peroxisomes

cellular respiration

occurs in mitochondria

isotonic saline

no shape change in cells

kinesin

chromosome movement

cistern

enclosed by endoplasmic reitculum

nuclear pores

communication port from cytoplasm to nucleus