Unit 2 Civics test flashcards

Popular Sovereignty

power remains with the people (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

Checks and Balances

system that keeps the government equal (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

Separation of Powers

each branch of government has a specific role or duty (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

federalism

the government should remain limited in its power (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

rule of law

all people must follow the law (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

federalism

the federal government and state governments must function together (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

expressed

powers expressed in the Constitution for the federal government (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

reserved

powers reserved for the state government (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

concurrent powers

powers that both the federal government and state governments share (principles of the constitution w/ examples)

Preamble purpose

the introduction to the constitution (organization of the constitution)

Bill of Rights

The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to secure natural rights and protect the people from the government. (organization of the constitution)

Supremacy Clause

declares that the federal government is supreme to the state governments (organization of the constitution)

Elastic Clause

permits Congress to stretch the powers of the Constitution to make laws necessary (organization of the constitution)

Free Exercise Clause

allows people to freely exercise any religion as long as it does not infringe upon the rights of others (organization of the constitution)

Establishment Clause

states that the United States cannot establish a national religion because people have freedom of religion (organization of the constitution)

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech and press, Schools can restrict printed materials to protect the student body

Tinker v. Des Moines

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech, Speech can be nonverbal, Students have the right to appropriately express themselves

Engel v. Vitale

1st Amendment, Freedom of religion, Public schools cannot force students to pray (goes against the Establishment Clause)

Engel v. Vitale

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech and assembly, Flag burning is an accepted form of protest

Schenck v. US

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech, “Clear and present danger” speech is not protected

Bethel v. Fraser

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech, Schools have a priority to protect the student body from lewd, suggestive language

Mapp v. Ohio

4th Amendment, Right to Privacy, Exclusionary Rule, without probable cause, exigent circumstances, evidence in plain view, and/or a warrant, police cannot search, Evidence seized during a bad search is excluded

Korematsu v. US

5th Amendment, Discrimination against American citizens, Japanese Internment , United States allowed to act in extreme measures to protect the majority

Miranda v. Arizona

5th Amendment, Discrimination against American citizens, Japanese Internment , United States allowed to act in extreme measures to protect the majority

Gideon v. Wainwright

6th Amendment, Denied due process and the right to a fair trial, Guaranteed the right to counsel, even if you cannot afford an attorney

Roe v. Wade

14th Amendment, Abortion, trimester rules for abortions, Still allowed states to make decisions

Dobbs v. Jackson

14th Amendment, Abortion, Overturned precedent set by Roe v. Wade, Returned abortion rights to the States

Brown v. Board

14th Amendment, Due Process, Overturned “separate, but equal”, Integrate school systems

Regents v. Bakke

14th Amendment, Due Process, Eliminated racial quotas used by school admissions, Allows for affirmative action

TLO v. New Jersey

4th Amendment, Right to Privacy, Students have very little right to privacy in schools because the goal of the school is safety, Schools do not need a probable cause or a warrant to search, Only need reasonable suspicion

1st Amendment rights

Freedom of: religion, speech, the press, assembly, petition (1st amendment, freedom of expression)

censorship

Censorship is the ability to remove or edit material because it is inappropriate. (1st amendment, freedom of expression)

slander and libel

spoken/written information the damages peoples reputations. (1st amendment, freedom of expression)

search warrant

A search warrant is a legal document which allows the government to search someone’s property (4th amendment, right to privacy)

search warrant requirements

Probable cause, the location of the search, and a judge’s signature on the warrant (4th amendment, right to privacy)

a search warrant not needed

Searching cars, exigent circumstances (emergencies), and evidence in “plain view” (4th amendment, right to privacy)

the accused rights are protected

It is important that an accused person’s rights are protected because everyone is granted equal protection under the law. (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

due process

Indictment is the process of bringing formal charges against someone accused of a crime. (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

indictment

Indictment is the process of bringing formal charges against someone accused of a crime.  (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

eminent domain

Eminent domain is the government’s ability to take private property to use for public works.  (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

double jeopardy

Right to an attorney, know what you’re being arrested for, speedy trial, public trial, face your accusers, etc. (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

rights guaranteed in a trial

Right to an attorney, know what you’re being arrested for, speedy trial, public trial, face your accusers, etc. (5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, rights of the accused)

Quartering Act

The Quartering Act allowed British soldiers to be placed in the homes of American colonists during the Revolutionary War. (other amendments)

federal government regulate guns but 2nd Amendment gives right to bear arms

The 2nd Amendment allows citizens the right to bear arms, but the federal government can still ban the purchase of firearms based on age, criminal background check, and mental health.  Certain types of weapons and accessories are also banned.  (other amendments)

9th Amendment

The 9th Amendment guarantees that not all civil rights are listed in the Constitution, so people are afforded additional liberties although not present in the document.

10th Amendment

The 10th Amendment “reserves power” to the states, which is why states can make their own laws (think about federalism). (other amendments)

7th Amendment

The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a civil trial by jury if the value of the lawsuit is more than $20. (other amendments)

14th Amendment

The 14th Amendment further details equal protection by elaborating on due process and equal treatment under the law. (other amendments)

limited government

the concept of a government limited in power. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism.