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this is the name for a measurable characteristic that varies in a hypothesis
Ind.: causes change
Dep: is being measured
variable
a qualitative method of research where the researcher both observes and becomes a member in a social setting
participant observation
questionnaires that are given to a sample of respondents selected from a target population
these tend to look at large-scale social patterns and uses statistics and other mathematical means of analysis
surveys
formal tests of specific variables and effects that are performed in a controlled setting where all aspects of the situation can be controlled. used to demonstrate cause and effect
experiments
the part of the test group that receives the experiment treatment
experimental group
types of questions which can be answered by a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’
close ended questions
this research method uses data that can easily be converted into numbers, such as a survey or an experiment
quantitative research
this type of research involves data that cannot easily be converted to numbers, such as observation or informal interviews
qualitative research
extent to which a measure produces consistent results
reliability
a term meaning to define in such a way that can be measured or to define completely the variables in the hypothesis
operationalized
a state of personal neutrality in conducting research
objectivity
active participation in an observation of a naturally occurring setting, and a written account of what goes on there
ethnography
a group of scholars within a university who meet regularly to review and approve research proposals and make recommendations for how to protect human subjects
institutional review board
types of questions which require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer
open ended questions
an ideal whereby researchers identify facts without allowing their own personal beliefs or biases to interfere
value free sociology
famous sociologist who discussed the importance of researchers remaining unbiased and free of judgement
value-free sociology
max weber
most sociological research uses this thing, which is a logical and rational order of steps by which scientists comes to conclusions about the world around them
scientific method
this refers to any data that has already been collected by earlier researchers and is available for future research
existing sources
repetition of research by others in order to assess its accuracy
used to limit distortion caused by personal values
replication
the part of the test group that does not receive the experimental treatment so that it can be compared with the experimental group
control group
another type of qualitative research method involving direct face-to-face contact with respondents
interview
during the research process a sociological researcher develops this, stating a potential relationship between two or more variables
hypothesis
degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects what the researcher is actually studying
the unit 4 test has unit 4 material
validity
steps in the scientific method
develop question/define problem
review present info
create hypothesis
select research design/collect and analyze data
develop the conclusion
repeat
the individuals that a sociologist interviews are part of a research project
sample
mean
average
add together/divide by total
Mode
most common number
Median
midpoint
low-high, then find center
