Kinesiology Exam Review: Chapters 10-15

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to chapters 10 through 15 in kinesiology, designed to assist in exam preparation.

Adaptation

The process by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment or circumstances.

Strength

The actual ability to produce force.

Power

The ability to exert force at a high speed, calculated as force times distance divided by time.

Detraining

The gradual loss of adaptations that occurs when one stops training.

Periodization

The systematic planning of athletic or physical training divided into cycles.

Eccentric contraction

Muscle contractions where the muscle lengthens while under tension.

Concentric contraction

Muscle contractions where the muscle shortens while generating force.

Hypertrophy

The increase in muscle size or cross-sectional area.

DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)

Muscle soreness that occurs after exercise due to muscle damage.

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

A proprioceptive sensory receptor that senses changes in muscle tension.

Isometric contraction

Muscle contraction that occurs without a change in muscle length.

Isotonic contraction

Muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while lifting a constant load.

Isokinetic contraction

Muscle contraction that occurs at a constant speed.

Excitation-contraction coupling

The physiological mechanism whereby an electrical stimulus leads to muscle contraction.

Plasma volume

The liquid component of blood that carries cells and proteins.

Cross training

Engaging in multiple forms of exercise to improve overall fitness.

Capillary density

The number of capillaries in a unit of muscle tissue, which increases with aerobic training.

Myoglobin

A protein in muscle cells that binds oxygen and facilitates its transport.

Blood circulation adaptation

Physiological changes in blood flow and heart function in response to training.

Overtraining syndrome

A condition characterized by prolonged fatigue and performance decline due to excessive training without adequate recovery.

Aerobic training adaptation

Physiological changes that occur in the cardiovascular and muscular systems due to regular endurance training.

Anaerobic power

The capacity to perform high-intensity work without the reliance on oxygen.

Strength training guidelines

Recommendations focused on frequency, intensity, volume, and time to enhance strength gains.

Training intensity

The level of effort or exertion applied during training.

Training volume

The total amount of training performed, often calculated as sets and repetitions.

Thermal regulation

The body's ability to maintain its core internal temperature.

Altitude acclimatization

The physiological adjustments made by the body in response to reduced oxygen availability at high altitudes.