Chapter 5 Language and Relation: Mosaics of Culture

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44 Terms

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Ethnic religions
________, unless their adherents are dispersed, tend to be regionally confined or to expand only slowly and over long periods.
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diffusion process
As a(n) ________, language spread may be impeded by barriers or promoted by their absence.
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Australian English
British, American, Indian, and ________ are all acknowledged distinctive dialects of the same evolving language.
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6th century BCE
Founded in the ________ in northern India by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha (Enlightened One)
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Buddhism
________ also joined and influenced Japanese Shinto, the traditional religion of Japan that developed out of nature and ancestor worship.
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Russia
________ has many words for snow and ice, Japan has more than 20 words for rice, Hawaiians have 47 words for banana.
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English itself
________ is a product of change and diffusion, an offspring of proto- Germanic.
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Hinduism
________ is based on the concepts of reincarnation and passage from one state of existence to another in an unending cycle of birth and death in which all living things are caught.
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Caste rules
________ define who you can socialize with, who is an acceptable marriage partner, where you can live, what you may wear, eat, and drink, and how you can earn your livelihood.
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Ramadan
All Muslims are expected to observe the five pillars of the faith: (1) repeated saying of the basic creed; (2) prayers five times daily at appointed times; (3) a month of daytime fasting during ________; (4) almsgiving; and, (5) if possible, a pilgrimage to Mecca.
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lingua franca
A(n) ________ is an established language used habitually for communication by people whose native tongues are mutually incomprehensible.
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Big River
________ in English is translated into Rio Grande in Spanish, Mississippi in Algonquin, and Ta Ho in Chinese.
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Contagious diffusion
________ spread the belief system throughout India.
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Muslims
________ comprise about 2 percent, and Hindus, Sikhs, and Buddhists are each about 1 percent.
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Toponymy
________ is the study of place names, a special interest of cultural geography.
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Sikhism
________ is an ethnic religion with an estimated 24 million adherents.
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America
________ has no official language and 21 % of the population speaks another language at home.
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humanism
Nonreligious belief and value systems exist like ________ and marxism.
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Far Eastern ethnic religions
The ________ are syncretisms (combinations of different beliefs and practices)
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mosque
The ________ is a place of worship, community clubhouse, meeting hall, and school.
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Islam
________ is growing in Europe and North America.
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1st century
Christianity started due to a man named Jesus, a Jewish preacher of the ________ of the Common Era, the followers thought he was Christ, the saviour promised in the Jewish Scriptures.
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London
During the 15th and 16th centuries, English as spoken in ________ emerged as the basic form of Early Modern English.
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Western Church
For the ________, Rome was where it spread from through hierarchical diffusion, to provincial capitals and smaller Roman settlements of Europe.
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informal worship
Religion: it involves practices of formal or ________ and addresses questions of meaning and ultimate significance.
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Language
__________ is the defining characteristic of ethnic and cultural identity.
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Eastern Europe
________ had many of the Jewish immigrants that came to the United States came during the later 19th and early 20th centuries and so were German- speaking countries due to the holocaust.
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Western Europe
In ________, 700 years of Muslim rule in much of Spain were ended by Christian reconquest in 1492.
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Languages
________ may be rigorously preserved as essential elements of cultural identity but they are abandoned in acceptance of a new society.
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Linguistic geography
________ also affects what people use and say.
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Religious beliefs
________ may justify social inequalities or work to eliminate them through activism.
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holocaust
The ________ killed â…“ of the Jewish population.
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Hierarchical diffusion
________ of an official or prestigious language within urban centers and centers of power has occurred in many societies.
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caste
The ________ is a structure of society and the primary aim is to participate in the social and ritual duties with the ________ and profession.
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Protestant Reformation
The ________ of the 15th and 16th centuries split the church in the west, leaving Roman Catholicism supreme in southern Europe but installing a variety of Protestant denominations and national churches in western and northern Europe.
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Buddhas teachings
The ________ were more a moral philosophy that offered an explanation for evil and human suffering than a formal religion.
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Tribal religions
________ are found principally among peoples who have not yet been fully absorbed into modern cultures and economies or who are on the margins of more populous and advanced societies.
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Ethnic religions
________ have strong territorial and cultural group identification.
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Islam
________ which means "submission "(to the will of God) comes from the same Judaic roots as Christianity and is similar to monotheistic beliefs.
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Hinduism
________ is the worlds oldest major religion, about 4, 000 or more years old.
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Buddhism
________ has suffered greatly in Asian lands that came under communist control: Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet, North Korea, China, and parts of Southeast Asia.
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Islam
________ crosses boundaries of race, ethnicity, language, and social status.
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Hinduism
________ derives its name from its cradle area in the valley of the Indus River.
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Buddhism
________ was implanted in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia in the 3rd century BCE.