Human Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering human heart anatomy, blood composition, respiratory structures, and body tissues based on HESI A2 exam materials.

Superior vena cava

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

Pulmonary veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.

Aorta

The artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary artery

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Right atrium

The heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Tricuspid valve

The heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Left atrium

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

The heart valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Right ventricle

The heart chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Pulmonary valve

The heart valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Left ventricle

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Aortic valve

The heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Inferior vena cava

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Valves

Structures in the veins that prevent blood from changing direction.

Plasma

The liquid part of the blood.

Erythrocytes

Blood cells that are responsible for the transportation of oxygen.

Thyroid cartilage

The structure commonly known as the Adam's apple.

Diaphragm

The muscle that relaxes when an individual is exhaling.

Connective tissue

The framework of the body that provides support and structure for the organs.

Nerve Tissue

Tissue composed of neurons and connective tissue cells referred to as neuroglia.

Neuroglia

Connective tissue that is present in nerve tissue.

Muscle tissue

Tissue that has the ability to contract or shorten; it is classified as being involuntary or voluntary.

Skeletal muscle

The type of muscle tissue classified as voluntary muscle.

Smooth muscle and Cardiac muscle

Types of muscle tissue classified as involuntary muscle.