UNIT 1—MAP/intro—Vocabulary

Situation

where a settlement is in relation to its surrounding features.

Scale (implied decree of generalization)

Relationship between the earth being studied and the earth as a whole.

Situation

where a settlement is in relation to its surrounding features.

Scale (implied decree of generalization)

Relationship between the earth being studied and the earth as a whole.

Biosphere

regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms.

Cartography

The science or practice of drawing maps.

Remote Sensing

The scanning of the earth by satellite /aircraft to get info about it.

Dispersion

the spacing of people within geographic population boundaries.

Distribution

Arrangement of features in space.

Concentration

- the spread of a feature over space.

Latitude

- the angular distance of a place north or south of the equator.

Parallel

- imaginary line around the world to the equator.

Equator

- imaginary line that divides the earth by north and south.

Distortion

- the alteration of the original shape.

Cultural Ecology

- The study of human adaptations to social /physical environments.

Scientific method

Projection- of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map.

Hydrosphere

- all the waters on the earths surface, sometimes including water over the earth, such as clouds.

Diffusion

- the spread of something (ideas, trends, ect)

Site

- the exact place of a settlement on earth.

Longitude

- numbering system that calculates distance east and west of the prime meridian.

Toponym

a place's name.

Spatial

space on or near earths surface.

Stimulus Expansion

when an idea diffuses from its origin node, but is changed as it is adopted in other places.

Time Zones

an area that uses the same clock. Earth is divided into 24 time zones, and in the 24, they are divided into smaller time zones

Possibilism

the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people can adjust to the environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

Prime meridian

located at the observatory in Greenwich, England at 0 degrees longitude.

Expansion

traits spread by passing from one person to another via communication.

Density

the frequency in which something occurs /is found in a place.

Model a simplified version of reality

a simplified version of reality structured to clarify relationships.

Relocation Diffusion People move

People move, bring trends and ideas with them.

International date line

an imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean that marks one day earlier then the west.

Space Time Compression

- the decreasing space between people and ideas (makes relative distance "shrink)

Environmental determinism

- the environment predisposes societies and peoples to a path /choice.

Region perceptual vernacular

- a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

Time Zones

- an area that uses the same clock.

Thematic Map

- designed to represent a specific areas theme /characteristics.

Meridian

- an arc drawn between the north and the south poles that measure longitude.

Mercator Projection

- a conformal cylindrical map projection that is useful for navigation.

Hierarchical Expansion

- starts in major nodes of authority, trickles down to medium and small cities to towns.

Robinson Projection

- has 90 degrees, mildly distorts both area and position.

Maps

- a representation of an area that shows physical and non- physical features ex) political boundaries, cities, roads.

Density arithmetic

- number of people divided by total land area.

Contagious Expansion

- rapid and widespread, places near origin /node are affected first.

Linear Pattern

- straight pattern ex) houses on a street.

Absolute Location

- a fixed point on the earths surface /coordinates (lat and long)

Density

agricultural- number of famers per unit area of farmland.

Density

physiological- number of ppl per unit area of arable land /number of ppl that can be sustained by an area.

Cartography

The science or practice of drawing maps

Biosphere

regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms

Hydrosphere

all the waters on the earths surface, sometimes including water over the earth, such as clouds

Density arithmetic

number of people divided by total land area

Density physiological

number of ppl per unit area of arable land/ number of ppl that can be sustained by an area

Density agricultural

number of famers per unit area of farmland

Contagious Expansion

rapid and widespread, places near origin/node are affected first

Absolute Direction

relative to a fixed from of reference and always point in the same direction ex) cardinal directions

Relative Direction/egocentric coordinates

coordinates that depend on a person and that change with a person ex) up/down, left/right

Clustered/agglomerated

if objects are grouped/close together

Distance

how far apart objects are

Distance decay

the effect of distance on interactions/ the farther/longer away a place is, the less interaction you have with that place

Distribution

Arrangement of features in space

Environmental determinism

the environment predisposes societies and peoples to a path/choice

Relative Location

location of something in relation to another thing

Situation

where a settlement is in relation to its surrounding features

Toponym

a place name

Linear Pattern

straight pattern ex) houses on a street

Random Pattern

a pattern with no specific order

Physical attributes (natural landscape)

a physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities

Cultural attributes (cultural landscape)

cultural features such as region, language, religion, economies

Possibilism

the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people can adjust to the environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

Spatial

space on or near earths surface

Formal/uniform Region

an area where everyone shares a common characteristic(s)

Functional/nodal Region

an area organized around a focal point

Region perceptual/vernacular

a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

Scale (implied decree of generalization)

Relationship between the earth being studied and the earth as a whole

Space-Time Compression

the decreasing space between people and ideas (makes relative distance "shrink")

Distortion

the alteration of the original shape

Geographic Information System (GIS)

a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze and display geographic data

Global Positioning System (GPS)

a system that determines accurately the precise position of something on earth

Grid North & South Poles

north and south along a grid projection

Latitude

the angular distance of a place north or south of the equator

Longitude

numbering system that calculates distance east and west of the prime meridian

Meridian

an arc drawn between the north and the south poles that measure longitude

International date line

an imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean that marks one day earlier then the west

Maps

a representation of an area that shows physical and non-physical features ex) political boundaries, cities, roads

Map Scale

ration of distance on earth compared to the same distance on a map

Reference Map

shows the boundaries and names of geographic areas

Thematic Map

designed to represent a specific areas theme/characteristics

Statistical Map

shows the quantity of the variation of a factor

Cartogram Map

map that has been simplified to present a single idea

Choropleth Map

a thematic map that ranks classes of some variables are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones

Mental maps

an internal representation of a place, based on ones ideas and the information available

Cylindrical Projection

A map projection that shows the earth surface in the form of a cylinder

Azimuthal Projection

shows true direction from a single point, creating a realistic view of earth as seen from space

Elliptical/oval Projection

a map of the surface of the earth formed on an ellipses interior

Interrupted Projection

shows the map if it had been peeled off a globe

Robinson Projection

has 90 degrees, mildly distorts both area and position

Mercator Projection

a conformal cylindrical map projection that is useful for navigation

Remote Sensing

The scanning of the earth by satellite/aircraft to get info about it

Time Zones

an area that uses the same clock