HOA2 - Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo Architecture

Renaissance

Rebirth/revival of the Greek & Roman Classical arts & culture

Florence, Italy

Renaissance started in _________

Filippo Brunelleschi

• First Renaissance Architect

• Devised a way to draw linear perspective

Leon Battista Alberti

• Wrote Ten Books on Architecture

• Principles behind linear perspective

Andrea Palladio

• Domestic Architecture

• Chief architect of the Venetian Republic

• Wrote Four Books of Architecture

Proto Baroque

• evident in the works of Michelangelo and Bernini

• Churches have wide naves and low ceilings crowned with domes

Palladian

• Inspired by the Roman-like designs of Andrea Palladio

• Emphasizes proportion and symmetry

Baroque

• Seen in the works of Lorenzo Bernini

• Strong curves and rich decoration

Rococo

• Late Baroque

• Florid, asymmetrical and elaborate in style

Quoins

Rusticated wall angles

Rusticated

Wall masonry were in large blocks and _____

True

Towers are sparingly used while the dome is the predominant feature

Pietra Forte

Exterior

Pietra Serena

Interior

Filippo Brunelleschi

Designed the Dome of Florence Cathedral

Herringbone

Brunelleschi used the _______ brick pattern in building the outer dome of Florence Cathedral

Michellozo Michellozzi

Completed the lantern of the Florence Cathedral

St. Peter’s Basilica

• Central church of Roman Catholicism

• Most important building of the Renaissance

• Largest house of worship in the world

Donato Bramante

• First Architect chosen to start St. Peter’s Basilica

• Greek Cross with dome on 4 big piers and towers at each corners

Michelangelo Buonarotti

• Greek cross plan

• Strengthened the piers of the dome

• Redesigned the surrounding chapels & apses

• Commenced the construction of the great dome

Giacomo Della Porta, Domenico Fontana

Completed the dome from the model of Michelangelo

Giacomo Da Vignola

Added the side cupolas

Carlo Maderno

Lengthened the nave to form a Latin cross plan and added the gigantic facade

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Finally erected the piazza, 650ft wide, surrounded by 284 columns

Michelangelo

Known for painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling

Fontana Di Trevi

• Largest Baroque Fountain in Rome

• Designed by Nicola Salvi

Palais De Louvre

• Biggest museum in the world with 380,000 pieces in its collection

Arc De Triomphe

• Largest Triumphal Arch in the world

• Inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus

Features of German Renaissance

• Helm Roof

• Scroll Buttress

• Strapwork

Features of French Renaissance

• Picturesque

• Verticality

• Dormer Window

• Mansard Roof

• Rococo/Rocaille Style

Features of Italian Renaissance

• Symmetrical plan

• Rectilinear, Formal and Grand

• Rusticated Walls

• Low pitch roofs are hidden by balusters

• Domes with lanterns raised on high drums

• Coffered Ceilings

• Columns are Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan and Composite Orders

Features of Belgian and Dutch Renaissance

• Extravagant ornate expression for ornamentation

• Brick was used in conjuction with stone

• Richness of tower roofs

• Buildings are flat-fronted and gabled

Plateresque Style

• Influenced by the exuberant Moorish art characterized by profuse, delicate low-relief ornaments

Churrigueresque Style

• Spanish Baroque

• Originated from Jose Benito de Churriguera

• Marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building

Features of British Renaissance

Early Renaissance

• Elizabethan Style

• Jacobean Style

Late Renaissance

• Stuart Style

• Georgian Style

Sir Christopher Wren

• English scientist and mathematician

• One of Britain’s most distinguished architects

• Best known for the design of 52 London Churches

Oriel Window

Window corbelled out from a wall

Bay Window

Window of a protruded bay

True

Russian Baroque started almost a century after it started in Italy

Naryshkin Baroque

• Also called Moscow Baroque or Muscovite Baroque

• Derived from Peter’s maternal side, the Naryskins

• Fusion of vernacular Russian architecture with European Baroque elements

Features of Naryshkin Baroque

• Octagonal Towers

• Greek cross with 5 cupolas

• Gold Cupolas

• Red Bricks trimmed with white stone

Petrine Baroque

• Favored by Peter the Great

• Style used in the newly founded Russian capital, Saint Petersburg

Features of Petrine Baroque

• Simple Volumes

• Flat Facades

• Church plans in Latin cross

• Palace plans are symmterical

Elizabethan Baroque/ Rastrellian Baroque

• Russian Rococo style during the reign of Elizabeth of Russia

• Key figure was Bartolomeo Rastrelli

Features of Elizabethan Baroque

• Greek cross with 5 cupolas

• Green, blue, white colors

• Gold and gilded decorations

• highly ornamented exterior and interior