Overview of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

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24 Terms

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Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the site of information integration.
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Meninges
The three protective layers of the brain: pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
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Pia Mater
The innermost layer of the meninges that is soft and adherent to the brain.
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Arachnoid Mater
The middle layer of the meninges with projections resembling a spider's web.
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Dura Mater
The tough outer layer of the meninges, providing additional protection to the brain.
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Meningitis
Infection or inflammation of the meninges.
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Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain, divided into lobes associated with various functions.
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Cerebellum
The small brain responsible for maintaining tone, posture, and balance.
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Brain Stem
The part of the brain connecting to the spinal cord, involved in reflexes and basic life functions.
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Gray Matter
Contains neuron cell bodies and is associated with processing information.
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White Matter
Consists of axons that transmit information quickly, coated in fat.
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Frontal Lobe
The lobe of the brain responsible for the motor cortex and initiating movement.
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Parietal Lobe
The lobe responsible for the somatosensory cortex, processing touch and sensation.
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Occipital Lobe
The area of the brain where the visual cortex is located, responsible for vision.
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Temporal Lobe
The lobe associated with the auditory cortex, processing sound.
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Cranial Nerves
Nerves originating from the brain stem that control functions in the head and neck.
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Reflex
An automatic response that bypasses conscious thought, often protective in nature.
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Spinal Cord
Part of the central nervous system that transmits signals between the brain and the body, involved in reflexes.
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Cervical Region
The part of the spinal cord associated with the neck.
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Thoracic Region
The section of the spinal cord connected with the upper back.
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Lumbar Region
The part of the spinal cord that relates to the lower back.
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Sacral Region
The lower spinal cord section associated with the pelvis.
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Coccygeal Region
The lowest part of the spinal cord associated with the tailbone.
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Peripheral Nerves
Nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to other areas of the body.