Antibodies and BCR

PRRs bind

PAMPs and DAMPs

AgRs bind

epitopes

Are PRRs the same in the human population?

yes

What immune cells express the greatest numbers of PRRs?

innate

What immune cells express AgRs?

B and T cells

Are BCRs and TCRs the same in everyone?

no

How are antigen receptors made during development?

RANDOMLY

_____________ and ________________ allow the adaptive response to be specific and effective

clonal selection and clonal expansion

As our B cells and T cells go through development processes, each B cell or T cell will have a unique _______________

antigen receptor

Clonal selection

antigens bind to specific receptors, causing a fraction of lymphocytes to clone themselves

Clonal expansion

the rapid multiplication of B or T cell clones after activation by an antigen

On the surface of a B cell, there is an ____________, called the _____________

antibody, BCR

Surface bound form of antibody is called

BCR

Secreted form of antibody is called

antibody

How many subunits make up an antibody?

4

2 heavy chains

2 light chains

Light chain isotypes

kappa and lambda

Heavy chain isotypes

M, G, A, D, E

Each heavy/light chain is identical to...

the other heavy/light chain

Each heavy and light chain has what regions?

constant and variable

Fab fragment

two arms of antibody

Each light chain has how many variable and constant regions?

1 V, 1 C

Each heavy chain has how many variable and constant regions?

1 V, 3-4 C

What does the constant region determine?

class/function of antibody

IgM is what shape?

pentamer

Hinge region of antibody allows the arms to be

flexible

What class of Ab has 4 functional subclasses?

IgG

Antibodies bind ___________ from all types of biomolecules

epitopes

What is important in B cell activation on the surface of B cells?

antibody crosslinking

The variable regions of both the heavy and light chains determine...

antigen specificity

CDR

complementary determining region

CDR is also called...

Hyper variable region

What does the CDR do?

amino acids are interacting

there is a complementary structure between hypervariable region of heavy and light chain and the amino acids of the epitope

_____________bonds are formed if there is more complementarity between the hypervariable region and the epitope it is binding

noncovalent

The BCR requires membrane bound antibody and the association of what two signaling proteins?

Iga and IgB

When the BCR binds antigen, what does it activate which is going to transmit signals?

Iga and IgB

The membrane bound antibody binds ________ only

Antigen

Normal genes do not go through _______________ before _________________

DNA recombination, transcription

When does DNA recombination occur for AgR gene segments?

before transcription

combines different inherited gene segments into unique antibodies

The antibody and BCR proteins are made from __________ gene segments that are _________

Ig, spliced together

Heavy chains have a larger _____________ region

constant

What constant region of heavy chains comes first and second?

mu then delta

The variable region of the heavy chain is made up of what genome sequence?

V, D, J

The variable region of the light chain is made up of what genome sequence?

V, J

Somatic recombination

the process by which DNA segments are rearranged to form a variable region for either the B cell or T cell receptor

Somatic recombination requires

RAG1 and RAG2 and TdT

and

RSS

What is the first antibody made?

IgM

Why are M and D expressed together on one B cell?

no "switch" region exists between the mu and delta gene segments

What gene segments are transcribed together?

mu and delta

What determines if the RNA will be spliced to make an IgM heavy chain or IgD?

mRNA splicing

What determines whether the heavy chain will have a transmembrane region or not?

mRNA splicing

What antibodies have polymeric structures?

IgA and IgM

What do the polymeric structures of IgA and IgM require?

association of the heavy chains with the joining (J) protein

Are B cells made in response to a pathogen?

no

What determines unique antigen specificity (VDJ)?

DNA splicing (recombination)

What determines IgM or IgD expression and membrane or secreted forms of antibodies?

RNA splicing