Period 2 APUSH

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

Popé's Rebellion

An Indian uprising in 1680 in New Mexico that was an attempt to resist Catholicism A Pueblo prophet promised that, once the Spanish were killed or expelled, gods would reward them with health and prosperity. A total of 400 people were killed, including men, women, children, and 21 of the 33 Franciscan missionaries in New Mexico.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God. The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid-eighteenth century America. Religious splits in the colonies became deeper.

Mercantilism

policy of looking upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength, government should regulate trade and production so it can be self-sufficient, colonies would provide raw materials to parent country for growth and profit, colonies served only to enrich the parent country, French and Spanish techniques were applied to British colonies

Navigation Acts

implemented mercantilist policies, 1650 to 1675 trade to and from the colonies could be carried out only on English or colonial built ships by English or colonial crews, all goods exported from colonies except perishable goods had to go through England, enumerated goods from the colonies could be exported to England only, tobacco, most colonial products

Salutary Neglect

British government was lax in enforcing the Navigation acts, agents were known for corruption. This lack of attention was seen as beneficial to the colonies by some.

Charter

A "contract" with the King that set up the colonies. It granted special privileges, described in general terms the relationship to exist between a colony and the crown.

Triangular Trade

ship loaded with rum would start out from New England to West Africa, rum would be traded for Africans, ship would set out on Middle Passage, slaves traded in West Indies for sugarcane, sold to be used for rum, slave-trading entrepreneur made a huge profit

Middle Passage

the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade

Chesapeake

the first English colonies of North America centered around this area named after a Bay and it included Virginia and Maryland

John Smith

A captain that took control of the Jamestown colony and built a fort in 1608. He forced the settlers to work harder and to build better housing by creating rules that rewarded harder workers with food.

Virginia Company

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

Starving Time

The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as this to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.

Indentured Servants

Men mostly immigrated to the Chesapeake region as these. They agreed to work for a specific period in return for room and board, were under absolute rule of masters until the end of their work period. At first Africans also worked under this system until 1660.

Head-right System

Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage and any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage

Maryland

This was a Chesapeake Bay colony that started as a refuge for Catholics. It was religiously tolerant and focused on tobacco production.

Act of Toleration

1649 In Maryland this was the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians. It was created for the Catholics who immigrated to Maryland. Soon protestants outnumbered the Catholics in Maryland.

Overproduction

1660s low tobacco prices due in part to this, it brought hard times to colonies, when Virginia raised tobacco prices, London merchants retaliated by raising own prices

Bacon's Rebellion

In 1676 disgruntled western farmers (including ex indentured servants white and black) to fight the elite "tidewater gentry." They were upset about the native American policy, and lack of power. It included a series of raids and massacres against Indian villages on Virginia frontier, and the forces succeeded overthrowing governor, burned Jamestown.

Virginia Slave Laws

1661 enacted legislation saying children inherited mother's slave status

Chattel Slavery

first Africans came to Virginia in 1619 aboard a Dutch slave ship. Africans first worked as servants but in 1660 the House of Burgesses in Virginia passed acts discriminating between blacks and whites and this system developed. It existed in all colonies prior to the Revolution.

New England

This region is based on strong religious convictions helped to sustain Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colony, dissidents were banished from the Bay colony to found the rest of the colonies. It had an economy based on ship building, fishing and mixed farming.

Predestination

Belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of life is already determine by God

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Congregationalism

The Puritan church and held that not all residents should be full church members. The church was consisted of the elect, and as a test of this to become a member one had to testify to their personal experience of God in the form of autobiographical conversion narratives. Citizenship was tied to church membership.

New England Way

Cooperation between church and state that was the basis for the Puritan commonwealth; all colonists were expected to live by this "way". The center of New England life was the church.

Rhode Island

This colony was unique, recognized the rights of the Native Americans and paid them for the use of their land, provided for complete religious toleration, granted charter in 1644 which joined Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony, refuge for people of various faiths

Roger Williams

In 1631 he was respected Puritan minister, believed individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil authority, teachings placed him in conflict, was banished, and he created Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

She believed in antinomianism, and had went against Puritan Gender norms by preaching. She was banished from the Mass. Bay colony, and went to Rhode Island.

Antinomianism

the idea that faith alone is necessary for salvation

Connecticut

This New England Colony is west of Rhode Island, attracted settlers who were unhappy with Massachusetts authorities, 1665 New Haven joined with Hartford settlers, given a limited degree of self-government

Halfway Covenant

1662 many of the second and third generation New Englanders were not becoming members of the church. This provided that the children and grandchildren of Puritan church members could be baptized in the church, but partial members couldn't accept communion or vote.

New England Confederation

1640s New England colonies faced threat from Native Americans, Dutch, French, 1643 four colonies formed a military alliance it established precedent for colonies taking unified action

King Philip's War

Metacom united many tribes in southern New England against the English settlers who were constantly encroaching on the Native Americans' lands, 1675-1676 vicious war killed thousands on both sides and dozens of towns burned, colonial forces prevailed, ending Native American resistance

South Carolina

1670 colonists from Barbados helped to create this colony. The economy was based on large rice-growing plantations and indigo and slave labor.

North Carolina

This colony consisted of small, self-sufficient tobacco farms, region had few good harbors and poor transportation, fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery, earned a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British Crown

Georgia

1732 last colony chartered, only one to receive direct financial support from home government, Britain wanted to create a defensive buffer to protect prosperous South Carolina plantations, alleviate huge populations of prisoners in England

New York

Charles II took this colony from the Dutch and in 1664 king granted a Duke control of this area, he ordered Dutch settlers be treated well, allowed free worship. New taxes, duties, and rents without consent of representative bodies.

Quakers

Religious Society of Friends, believed in equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service, believed religious authority was found within each person's private soul and not in the Bible, widely persecuted and jailed

Pennsylvania

founded by William Penn by the Quakers, Penn was involved in settling, plan for a grid pattern of streets, treated Native Americans fairly and not to cheat them with purchase of land, hired agents and published notices throughout Europe with political and religious freedom promises, Dutch and Swedish colonists came