Binary

What is the base of the decimal number system?

Base-10.

How many digits are used in the binary number system?

Two digits: 0 and 1.

What is positional notation?

A system where each digit's position represents a power of the base.

What does 'bit' stand for?

Binary digit, the smallest unit of data in computing.

What is a nibble?

Half of a byte, or 4 bits.

What is a byte?

A group of 8 bits.

What is the equivalent of the decimal number 255 in binary?

What is the formula to convert a binary number to decimal?

Sum of each bit multiplied by its corresponding power of 2.

What does the number 2 represent in binary?

10 in binary.

What does 'CPU' stand for?

Central Processing Unit.

What is the purpose of the CPU?

To execute instructions and process data.

What is volatile memory?

Memory that loses its content when power is turned off.

What is RAM?

Random Access Memory, a type of volatile memory used for temporary data storage.

What is ROM?

Read-Only Memory, a type of non-volatile memory that stores firmware.

What is the main function of the motherboard?

To connect and communicate between all components of the computer.

What is the difference between SSD and HDD?

SSD (Solid State Drive) has no moving parts, while HDD (Hard Disk Drive) does.

What does clock speed measure in a CPU?

The number of cycles per second the CPU can execute.

What is a 32-bit processor capable of handling?

Data units of 32 bits (4 bytes) in a single cycle.

What does GPU stand for?

Graphics Processing Unit.

What is the function of the GPU?

To process and render graphics.

What is the hexadecimal base?

Base-16.

How many digits are in the hexadecimal system?

Sixteen digits: 0-9 and A-F.

What is the primary use of hexadecimal numbers in computing?

To simplify binary representation and memory addressing.

How do you convert decimal to binary?

Using successive division by 2 to find remainders.

What is the octal number system base?

Base-8.

How do you convert binary to decimal?

Sum the products of each bit and its corresponding power of 2.

Name a common input device.

Keyboard.

What is the purpose of output devices?

To convey results of processed data visually or audibly.

What is a fundamental feature of non-volatile memory?

It retains data even when powered off.

What does 'I/O' stand for in computing?

Input/Output.

What are peripheral devices?

Devices that add functionality but are not essential for basic operation.

State one advantage of SSDs over HDDs.

Faster data access speed.

What is the formula for converting hexadecimal to decimal?

Sum of each digit multiplied by 16 raised to its positional power.

What is the primary memory type in computers?

RAM (Random Access Memory).

What does cache memory do?

Stores frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval.

What is an example of an output device?

Monitor.

What does ALU stand for in the context of the CPU?

Arithmetic Logic Unit.

What is the maximum capacity of a 64-bit processor?

Theoretically can address 16 exabytes of memory.

Define a microprocessor.

An integrated circuit that contains the functions of a CPU.

What does HDMI stand for?

High-Definition Multimedia Interface.

What is the significance of a CPU's cache?

Improves processing speed by storing frequently used instructions.

Name a type of output device that generates sound.

Speakers.

What is multi-core CPU?

A CPU that contains multiple processing cores for handling parallel tasks.

What is the basic unit of data in computing?

Bit.

What is the difference between integrated and discrete GPUs?

Integrated GPUs are built into the motherboard; discrete GPUs are separate cards.

How is the speed of a CPU typically measured?

In Hertz (Hz), with megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) for higher speeds.

What does the term 'bit-width' mean?

The number of bits processed in one instruction by the CPU.

What conversion process uses successive division by 16?

Converting decimal to hexadecimal.

What is a common characteristic of the octal system?

Uses base-8 and digits 0-7.

What is the function of a printer?

To create physical copies of digital documents.

What is an example of a computer output device?

Printer.

What is a characteristic of a flat panel display?

Lightweight and energy-efficient.

What does PCIe stand for?

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express.

What is a function of the Control Unit in a CPU?

Directs the operation of the processor.

What represents the smallest unit of measurement in computer memory?

Bit.

What is the role of a video card?

To process and improve visuals for outputs on displays.

What type of memory is ROM?

Non-volatile memory.

What does the term 'latency' refer to in computer memory?

The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction.

What is the primary characteristic of volatile memory?

Data is lost when the power is turned off.

Define the term 'broadband'.

High-speed internet connection that can transmit data over a wide range of frequencies.

What are hexadecimal numbers mainly used for in programming?

To represent binary data compactly.

How many bits are there in one byte?

Eight bits.

What is the main benefit of using SSDs over traditional HDDs?

SSD offers higher speed and durability.

What type of memory is typically faster: RAM or hard disk?

RAM.

What is a characteristic of 16-bit processors?

They handle data in 16-bit chunks.

What format is used for memory access in hexadecimal color values?

#RRGGBB.

What is one key use of hexadecimal notation in errors?

To specify memory locations of errors.

Explain what BIOS stands for.

Basic Input/Output System.

What is an audio input device?

Microphone.

What is the function of the fan in a computer system?

To cool the internal components, mainly the CPU.

What does LGA stand for?

Land Grid Array.

What is a hex color code?

A way to represent colors in web design using six hexadecimal digits.

What is typically included in a multi-core processor?

Multiple execution units to handle simultaneous operations.

What does a power supply unit do?

Converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.

What does the term 'network interface card' (NIC) refer to?

A hardware component that connects a computer to a network.

What does the acronym 'HDD' stand for?

Hard Disk Drive.

What distinguishes a USB interface from previous technology?

Higher data transfer rates and easier plug-and-play connectivity.

What is a primary characteristic of solid-state drives from hard disk drives?

No moving parts.

What is 'booting' in computing?

The process of starting up a computer.

Differentiate between system and user software.

System software manages hardware, while user software performs tasks for users.

What does the term 'throughput' refer to?

The amount of data processed in a given time period.

What is the principal role of the operating system?

To manage hardware and software resources.

What does I/O interface refer to?

The method by which input and output devices communicate with the computer.

What do we call a program that instructs a computer to perform a function?

Software.

What is the primary function of a router in networking?

To forward data packets between computer networks.

Explain the significance of the term 'bandwidth'.

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network.

What is the role of a server?

To provide resources and services to other computers over a network.

Define 'malware'.

Malicious software designed to harm or exploit devices or networks.

What does 'encryption' do in the context of data security?

It transforms readable data into an unreadable format to protect it.

What does TCP/IP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

What is the function of software drivers?

To allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

What is meant by the term 'open source software'?

Software that allows users to view, modify, and distribute its source code.

Name one advantage of cloud computing.

Scalability and flexibility in resource allocation.

Define 'digital footprint'.

The trail of data one leaves while using the internet.

What does 'DPI' stand for in relation to printers and scanners?

Dots Per Inch.

What are the four main types of computer memory?

RAM, ROM, cache, and flash memory.

What is the purpose of a firewall?

To protect a network by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing traffic.

What does 'API' stand for?

Application Programming Interface.

What is the function of the GPU in gaming?

To render graphics and images quickly for a smoother gameplay experience.

What is the common interface for connecting various expansion cards?

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express).