Biostatistics 1300

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28 Terms

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Individual

An object described by a set of data (ex. random bird)

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Variable

A characteristic about an individual (ex. wingspan, beak length, color)

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Population

A group of all individuals of interest (ex. all the students in CPP)

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Parameter

A number that describes an aspect of the population (ex. average age of students)

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Sample

A subset of the population (ex. all students in STA1300 at CPP)

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Statistic

A number that describes an aspect of the sample (ex. average age of students in 1300 Statistic)

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Categorical (Qualitative) Variables

Place variable into categories.

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Qualitative Nominal Variables

Have no natural order (ex. names, colors, gender, shoe type)

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Qualitative Ordinal Variables

Have some sort of natural order (ex. t-shirt size, shoe size, height classification, alphabet)

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Numeric (Quantitative) Variables

Are variables that are numbers and make sense to do math on.

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Quantitative Discrete Variables

Are countable and have gaps between possible values (ex. how many languages you speak, number of friends, number of pets)

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Quantitative Continuous Variables

Can be any number in an interval (ex. height, weight, earthquake magnitude, length, temperature)

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Frequency

A number of times a value appears in a data set.

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Frequency distribution

Tabulation (make it a table) of the frequencies.

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Relative frequency

Is the proportion of times a value appears in a data set.

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Pareto chart

When a bar graph is ordered from most to least frequent.

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Histograms

Like bar plots for numeric data where the 'categories' are called classes or bins.

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Lower class limit (LCL)

Smallest value that can appear in a class.

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Upper class limit (UCL)

Largest value that can appear in a class.

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Class width (CW)

Difference between 2 consecutive LCLs.

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Measure of center

Mean, Median.

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Mean

Add up all values and divide by how many there are.

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Median

Is the center of a sorted data set.

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Standard deviation (SD)

Is the average spread of the data around the mean.

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Percentile

Is the value such that p% of the data is equal to or less than that value.

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LOB

Lower outlier bound.

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UOB

Upper outlier bound.

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Outlier

Any number smaller than the LOB or larger than the UOB.