A&P Intro, Cells and Tissues

vertebral cavity

contains the spinal cord

cranial cavity

contains the brain

thoracic cavity

chest cavity

abdominal cavity

contains most of the digestive organs

pelvic cavity

contains reproductive organs

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

plantar region

sole of the foot

anterior/ventral

front of the body

posterior/dorsal

back of body

anatomy

where body parts are and what they look like

physiology

how body parts work; what they do

positive feedback

Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.

negative feedback

A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a steady state.

medial

toward the middle of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of the body

carpal region

wrist

axillary region

armpit

distal

farther from the trunk of the body

superficial

near the surface of the body

prone

lying face down

deep

away from the body surface; toward the center of the body

supine

lying face up

antecubital region

anterior surface of elbow

enzymes

biological way to speed up chemical reactions

substrate

the specific substance acted upon by an enzyme

phospholipids

primary component of cell membranes

osmosis

diffusion of water

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material from low concentration areas to high concentration areas

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Mitochondria

makes ATP

simple

one layer of cells

stratified

more than one layer of cells

cuboidal

cube-shaped cells

squamous

flattened, irregular, scale-like cells

columnar

rectangular shaped cells

pseudostratified

single layer but some cells are shorter than others, making it look like a double layer

holocrine glands

exocrine glands whose secretions are made up of disintegrated cells

apocrine glands

exocrine glands that include cellular cytoplasm in their secretions

merocrine glands

exocrine glands that produce secretions without losing cellular material

femoral region

thigh

occipital region

back of head

pollex

thumb

mental region

chin