History Exam 2

Thirteenth Amendment

abolishment of slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

equal protection under the law

Fifteenth Amendment

no voting discrimination of race

Sixteenth Amendment

income tax is legal

Seventeenth Amendment

popular vote for the U.S senate

Eighteenth Amendment

prohibition of alcohol

Nineteenth Amendment

womens rights to vote

Twentieth Amendment

moving of dates for terms of presidency

Twenty-First Amendment

repeal of prohibition of alcohol

Twenty-Second Amendment

limits the terms presidents can serve

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

pioneered the use of nonviolent direct action in America's civil rights struggle.

“G.I Bill” (1944)

provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act

provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing

United Nations (UN)

established after World War II in an attempt to maintain international peace and security and to achieve cooperation among nations on economic, social, and humanitarian problems

Operation Overlord

brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest amphibious invasion in military history (D-Day, Normandy)

Manhattan Project

secret group who was in charge of making and deploying the worlds first atomic bomb

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps

provide women to fill office and clerical jobs in the Army

Japanese Internment

the forced relocation by the U.S. government of thousands of Japanese Americans to detention camps during World War II, beginning in 1942.

Executive Order 9066

authorized the military to exclude “any or all persons” from areas of the United States designated as “military areas.”

“Double V” Campaign

victory abroad and victory at home

Executive Order 8802

banning discriminatory employment practices by federal agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war-related work

Holocaust

the nazi extermination of jews

Atlantic Charter

Dedicated to the betterment and protection of nations and peoples, paved the way to the United Nations.

Lend-Lease Act

allowed the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States."

Neutrality Acts

tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations.

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

created the right to minimum wage and overtime if one works over 40 hours a week.

National Labor Relations Act (1935)

employees are guaranteed the right to organize and to bargain collectively with their employers through representatives of their own choosing

Social security Act (1935)

created a social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

the largest public power company in the nation

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

sought to improve America's public lands, forests, and parks

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

provide jobs and income to the growing population of unemployed in the United States.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

designed to reduce unemployment and increase purchasing power through the construction of highways and public buildings

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

established the National Recovery Administration, which supervised fair trade codes and guaranteed laborers a right to collective bargaining

Emergency Banking Act

the act granted the president, the comptroller of the currency, and the secretary of the treasury broader regulatory authority over the nation's banking system.

Dust Bowl

the drought-affected south central United States in the aftermath of horrific dust storms.

“Fireside Chat”

a series of evening radio addresses given by Franklin D. Roosevelt

Bonus Army

World War I veterans who marched in Washington, D.C. in the summer of 1932

“New Women”

feminist movement, emphasized youth, visibility and social mobility

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

initially proposed in Congress in 1923 in an effort to secure full equality for women

“New Negro”

promoted a renewed sense of racial pride, cultural self-expression, economic independence, and progressive politics

Harlem Renaissance

an intellectual and cultural revival of African American Culture (Food, music, art, fashion, etc.)

Ku Klux Klan

fraternal society founded in Georgia to maintain white power

National Origins Act (1924)

limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota

League of Nations

a group of countries (Great Britain, France, Japan, and Italy) that all wanted to keep peace

Treaty of Versailles

stated Germany was responsible for all the fighting during World War I

“Self determination”

a nation—a group of people with similar political ambitions—can seek to create its own independent government or state

“Red Summer”

a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States

Great Migration

the migration, or movement, of millions of African Americans from rural communities in the South to large cities in the North and West

Zimmerman Telegram

proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I

Committee on Public information

under the Wilson administration created to influence public opinion to support the US in World War I

Sedition Act

made it a crime for American citizens to "print, utter, or publish... any false, scandalous, and malicious writing

Espionage Act

imposed harsh financial penalties and jail time for anyone speaking or acting against the government or the military