Bryophytes: Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

General Botany Lab Final

The Bryophytes are possibly the most ancient ______ _______

terrestrial plants

Bryophytes can colonize _____ _______

sterile soils

Bryophytes absorb nutrients and water and release them back into the ecosystem to form …

soils for new plants to grow

Bryophytes are found in ______ and ______ habitats

humid, shady

In Bryophytes water is required for _____ _________

sexual reproduction

What are the 3 phyla in Bryophytes:

Bryophyta, Hepatophyta, Anthocerotophyta

In moss, the _______ phase is dominant

gametophyte

The gametophyte phase has ________ and ________ at the tip of the plant

antheridia, archegonia

Mosses are either _________ or __________

dioecious, monoecious

Mosses ______ multicellular

rhizoids

Mosses have “leaves” with a _____

costa

A costa is a ______ like structure

midvein

Antheridia in _____ Heads

Antheridial

Antheridia contain ______ cells

sperm

Archegonia in _______ Head

Archegonial

Archegonia contain _____ cell

egg (ovum)

Bryophyte Fertilization Steps:

Sperm Cells within antheridia are splashed by water → swim to archegonia → enter neck of archegonium → reach venter → fertilization of egg

Egg + Sperm =

zygote

The zygote is the beginning of the _____ phase

sporophyte

The sporophyte is within the ______

archegonium

The embryo grows and develops a ________

capsule

The capsule grows, stretching upwards and carrying remnants of the gametophyte: the _______

Calyptra

Hepatophyta:

Liverworts

Some liverworts have _________ thallus

leaf-like

In liverworts the rhizoids are _______

unicellular

Liverworts have leafy gametophytes without _____

costa

Liverworts have ______ sperm

biflagellate

Liverworts have the antheridia within the ______

Antheridiophore

In liverworts the archegonia are within the _____

Archegoniophore

Species in Liverworts:

Marchantia

In liverworts the fertilization occurs within the _____ where the egg is located

archegonium

In Marchantia the zygote develops into a ________

capsule

How do liverworts reproduce asexually

gemmae cups

Gemmae cups produce _____ which are splashed by rain

gemmae

Gemmae undergo mitosis and form a new ______

gametophyte

What is 1?

Sporophyte

What is 2?

Gametophyte

What is 3?

Operculum

What is 4?

Capsule

What is 5?

Seta

What is 6?

Leaves

What is 7?

Stem

What is 8?

Rhizoids

What is 1?

Paraphyses

What is 2?

Archegonia

What is 3?

Neck

What is 4?

Egg

What is 5?

Venter

What is 1?

Gametophyte

What is 2?

Base of sporophyte

What is 3?

Wall of Archegonium

What is 4?

Spores