Feudalism

charlemagne

frankish king, 1st Holy emperor

carolingian empire

800-887 AD, charlemagne’s dynasty

missi dominici

“Lord’s Messengers”, ensured local officials followed orders, team of 3 - contained bishop and count

vikings (norsemen)

seafarers from scandinavia, danes

magyars

from asia, settled in hungary

danelaw

part of england where vikings ruled

longship

could sail on sea and rivers

normandy

area of france settled by vikings

alfred the great

anglo-saxon king, reformed church and education, codified anglo-saxon law

guthrum

viking king, defeated by alfred (godfather), converted to christianity, chose peace

sutton hoo

anglo-saxon burial site, famous for ship burial and mask

feudalism

locals turn to powerful lords for protection in exchange for service

lord

powerful ruler

vassal

pledged service, loyalty, and military service to a lord in exchange for land

fief

land granted to a vassal

oath of fealty

oath of loyalty, sworn by vassals to lords

subinfeudation

vassal grants land to citizens

primogeniture

oldest son inherits land

manor

agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked on by peasants and serfs

demesne

land for lord’s personal use

serf

bound to land, not considered slaves, 60% of population

tithe

donation to church, produce given to lord by serfs to sell, 10% of income

three-field system

1 fallow, 2 tilled

mill, blacksmith, tannery, church, glebe

parts of a manor

reeve

representative of serfs and peasants

beadle

enforce law, messenger

oath-helper

supports the accused in court, usually a relative or neighbor

ordeal

physical trial to determine guilt or innocence, trial by cold water, hot water, or fire

judicial duel

accused and accuser fight physically to determine innocence

truce of God

prohibited fighting from wed. evening to mon. morning during lent/holy days

fist right

rule of strongest practiced in germany, if you out braved a ruler, you could take their place

knight

fought for and served a lord, known for code of conduct/moral system

order of apprenticeship

page → squire → knight

accolade

knighting ceremony

chivalry

code of conduct, moral system associated with the church’s influence on feudalism

virtues of chivalry

honor, loyalty, bravery, service, courtesy

tournament

contest between 2 bands of knights

joust

contest between 2 knights

heraldry/coat of arms

symbols that distinguished family, class, rank

gentleman ideal

born from chivalry, improved manners, personal honor, regard for upper class women

castle

fortified home of lord/king built for defense

keep

great central tower

portcullis

iron gate

moat

deep ditch used for protection

armory

keeps weapons

chapel

church

sentinel

guard/watchman

793 AD

first viking raid on lidnisfarne monastery, start of viking age

800 AD

charlemagne crowned holy roman emperor

878 AD

battle of edington, alfred defeats guthrum, danelaw established

700-1000 AD

beowulf composed, reflects anglo-saxon warrior culture

1000 AD

leif erikson reaches north america (vinland)

9th - 10th century

feudalism becomes dominant political and military system