chem135-exam2

what is the organic molecule of Alcohol

what is the organic molecule of Ether

what is the organic molecule for Aldehyde

what is the organic molecule for Ketone

what is the organic molecule for carboxylic acid

what is the organic molecule for Ester

what is the organic molecule for Amine

What is the organic molecule for Amide

What are the exceptions for expanded octets

Only elements in the 3rd row of the periodic table and below can have expanded octets (up to 12 – 14 electrons are typical)

Two electron groups in electron geometry form

Linear

Three electron groups in electron geometry form

trigonal planar

Four electron groups in electron geometry form

tetrahedral

What is the hybridization of two electron groups

sp

what is the hybridization of three electron groups

sp²

what if the hybridization of four electron groups

sp³

sp² hybridization results in two types of orbitals

sigma and pi orbitals

Dipole-dipole

interactions between two molecules with a permanent dipoles

Dispersion

Present in all atoms/molecules but most important for non-polar ones.

Dipole-induced dipole

interactions between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule, where the polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule.

Hydrogen bonding is

The strongest type of dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

the greater the surface area of a molecule (the size and molar mass)

the greater/stronger the dispersion

hydrolysis

adding water to polymer to break them into monomers

What does amphipathic mean?

Amphipathic refers to molecules that possess both polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) regions.