Greenhouse nursery mgmt midterm

Hazards in a greenhouse include 

hoses, slipping, dust, hanging pots

WPS stands for

worker protection standard

why was WPS passed

to reduce pesticide exposure

who does WPS cover

workers, handlers, general public

the golden age started in the

netherlands

what started the need for greenhouses in the Golden age

demand for produce and flowers was high

the first record of a greenhouse was in

Koreas joseon dynasty in the 1450s

the concept of greenhouses emerged in

the Netherlands and England

the first stove heated greenhouse was in the

UK

nurseries can be referred to as

seminaries or botanical gardens

nurseries were originally used to describe 

the part of the garden where young stock started 

the first written account of american nurseries was

in teh late 1600s with apple trees

in 1737 Robert prince established one of the first

major commercial nurseries in NY

Princes nursery turn into

linnaean botanical garden for 130 years

types of greenhouse operations can include

foliage plants, ferns, veggies, hydroponics, bedding plants, propagation 

in ground nurseries 

plants are grown directly In the dirt

in-pot nurseries

plants are grown in pots so management and transport is easier

some nurseries only sell

specific species like only one type of flower

a general nursery sells

a little bit of everything 

trademarked nurseries only grow

branded plant varieties or special cultivars

flower wood nursery is an example of a

trademarked nursery

hibernia nursery is

managed by one Irish man and is licensed to grow patented plants 

the greenhouse market is expected to grow

10% in next 7 years

why is the greenhouse market expected to grow

food security, sustainability, new tech, population growth

why is the nursery industry declining

big-box stores, climate change, supply chain issues, economic pressure

what can we expect to see in the future for greenhouses

robots, automation, AI, cameras, lasers

what is microclimate 

suite of climactic conditions in a localized area near earths surface

what is a limiting factor

any factor limiting the growth of plants

what is the #1 limiting factor in the winter

light

what is the #1 most overlooked resource in planting

water availability and quality

water should not be filled with 

salts or other minerals detrimental to plant growth 

municipal water and

deep wells are a possibility

topography

shape of the land EX hills, rocky, flat, steep

drainage is important because

there should be no flood zones

why might Georgia have issues with drainage

red clays and heavy clays retain water

wind breaks buffer the 

wind and debris blown by wind 

abac greenhouse could use a windbreak between the

adjacent field and the evaporation pad

for most greenhouses, cold air blown at 15 mph can 

double heat loss 

well designed wind breaks reduce wind speed by

50%

when building and selecting land, it is better to

buy a parcel larger than current needs. EX storage building, service center 

with independent garden centers, the land is

usually smaller

the minimum land requirement is to

double the area that would be covered with greenhouses

labor is never

stable; you have to plan

many ag workers are

seasonal migrants or H2A workers

when choosing infrastructure you must consider

how close it is to transport services, energy sources, and plant production distributors

for retail success _____ is the most important factor

location

what are some legal considerations

permits, licenses, zoning, drainage, neighboring properties

permits for a greenhouse operation include

business and restricted substances permit

then largest consideration in greenhouse orientation is the

angle of the glazing for the structure

greenhouses should be oriented 

EAST to WEST 

the longer glazed side should face the 

south 

angle of incidence

amount of light loss due to reflection

the pitch of the roof determines the

angle of incidence

developing a layout allows for

future expansion

greenhouses can be either

free standing or gutter connected

freestanding greenhouses include

• Attached (lean-to)

• Even-Span

• Uneven-span

• Quonset

• Arch

• A-Frame

• Gothic/Gabled

pros of freestanding greenhouse

easy to program temp, ventilation without fluctuations 

cons of freestanding greenhouses

gutters cast shade which limits growth

lean-to design

placed on side of existing structure, minimizes roof supports, best use of sunlight 

quonset hut

hoop houses constructed from bent pipe,

how are quonset huts ventilated

roll up sides, ends can be removed

even span

two slopes of the roof are equal pitch ; adaptable to automation

uneven span

two slopes of roof are unequal pitch ; not adaptable to automation

A frame

type of even span, mainly for hobby

how are gutter greenhouses connected

through gutters at the eave AKA ridge furrow greenhouses

gutter connected greenhouses include

venlo, sawtooth

the compartments of gutter connected houses are called 

bays and they’re completely open 

pros to gutter connected 

less land, no sidewalls, less material, less energy, 

cons to gutter connected 

disease and pest spread quick between bays, 

the ideal orientation for gutter connected would be

north to south because east to west casts fixed shadows

sawtooth greenhouse

One roof slope with having a vertical side all above the gutter. can be Arched or Straight

the vertical side of a sawtooth greenhouse allows for

ventilation 

venlo greenhouse 

superstructure that supports glass roof. maximizes energy

a venlo greenhouse has 

single paned glass as opposed to lapped 

retractable and hinged roofed greenhouses

can extend season, maximizes light and ventilation 

which greenhouse is typically used for perennials and woody plants 

venlo

retractable roofs

made of flexible material that can be removed

rolling roofs

single or double layered polyethylene that can be rolled

what is the purpose of double layered polyethylene 

for buffering temperatures 

hinged roof

venlo style gutter connected, multiple roof sections, rigid glass

how does hinged at the gutter greenhouse work

rack and pinion, or push pull drive system

hinged at the peak

2 roof sections fold up in accordion fashion

shade structures are used to

harden off plants, increase growing space,

what are shade houses typically made of

petroleum based black woven cloth, aluminum woven netting

the main components of a greenhouse include

trusses, Perlins, side posts

frames can be made from 

steel, aluminum, plastic, wood

foundations can be made from

wood, concrete, brick

glazing

covering of the greenhouse and is most expensive component

glass glazing requires

steel

polycarbonate can use what framing material

aluminum

truss is made up of 

rafter, strut, chortds

framing materials provide

strength and insulation

wood framing is commonly used for

smaller structures because it deteriorates

footing =

where the structure meets the soil and are poured concrete that prevent sagging

end and side walls are typically covered in

harder glazing materials because they can be damaged easier

cold frames

low to the ground, solar heated, overwintering

what is the most common glaze

polyethylene films

what is the advantage to poly films

cost, diffuses light, lightweight

double layered poly

inflates to provide heat, outer layer is thicker

co-extrusion films

bread and filling, veggie production, new tech