02B. Wetlands ( Lec 4)

Wetlands and Ecotone

Wetlands are ecotone between land and lake

are magroves wetland

Yes, they are considered wetlands

Why Wetlands release a lot of methane among natural methane releasers

1. Ecotone region -> huge biological activity -> large decomposition -> so more methane

Why wetlands are called hydric soil

because lot of water and little oxygen

Wetlands vs lakes

1. Depth

2. rich growth of

3. shape (Littoral: pelagial ratio) (ratio of area at top to bottom)

4. Dominant producer

5. Dominant pathway

6. Nutrient level

1. <3m and >3m

2. Aquatic macrophytes and none

3. large, small

4. Macrophtes and phytoplanktons

5. Detritus foodchain and grazing food chain

6. Eutrophic (high nutrients) and Oligotrophic (less nutrietns)

What did we do to conserve wetlands

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010

1. who has power and who decides what activities are permitted in each wetland

2. Who recommends centre in this rules

3. Issue with it

4. result

1. Central gvt

2. Central wetland regulatory authority

3. Centre was uanble to manage 1000s of wetalnds in India

4. New rules came in 2017

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017

1. Who notified these rules

2. Rules made under which act

3. What does it mean by rules under act

4. Decentralisation authority

5. National level authority

6. Who heads the National wetlands committee

7. what does NWC do

8. Concerns of rules

1. MoEFCCC

2. EPA, 1986

3. It means that violating the rules is like violating the act

4. Made state wetlands authority (SWA)

5. national wetlands committee

6. MoEFCCC secretary

7. makes a national plan and SWA implements them

8. Wise use can be used for exploitation by state gvt giving proposal to central gvt and central gvt accepting it

Wise use principle under ramsar

Wetlands can be used sustainably

Note:

genrally committee is headed by

genrally council is headed by

1. Bureaucrat

2. Minister

Lets come to Ramsar conventionn

What is a convention

It is a formal agreement that creates binding rules

Treaty vs convention

1. Treaty is broad term for an agreement

2. Convention is specific type of treaty which is generally multilateral and its purpose is to set global standards on specific subkect matter

What is conference of parties?

It is the meeting of members of CONVENTION every few years to see and update the goals and progress

Convention vs protocol

1. Sets the broad goals

2. Specific targets and how to

Ramsar convention

1. Where

2. When was this signed

3. World wetlands day

4. What

5. Features

6. Criteria for wetlands

1. Ramsar, iran

2. 2nd Feb 1971

3. 2nd Feb

4. Set of rules for for conservation of wetlands

5. - wise use

- List of Wetlands of International importance - ramsar sites

- International coperation

6. 9 criteria

- rare or unique wetland

- endangered species in wetland

- imp for biodiversity of the region

- it has significant population of waterbirds

- it has significant support to fish species

- any significant population of any species

What is Montreux Record

1. Which Indian are in this record

It is the register of list of those ramsar sites which need urgent attention

1. Keoladeo NP, rajasthan

- Loktak lake (Mnaipur)

COP of Ramsar

1. Timeperiod

2. Recent

3. Important Declaration in COP 14, 2022

4. Outcome of COP15

5. burma in COP15

6. Which countries in IBRRI

1. generally 3 years

2. 2025 , COP 15, Zimbambawe

3. Wuhan declaration , China

4. Victoria Falls declaration - reaffirmed the ecological, social and economic importance of wetlands

- 5th strateguc plan 2025-2030

- Bridge programme grants

5. Indo-Burma Regional Ramsar Initiative (IBRRI)

6. Supports Ramsar implementation in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

India's Key Contributions in COP15 of ramsar

1. Stabding committee

2. New wetland city accreditation

1. India was elected to the standing committee of representing south asia

2. Indore and Udaipur received

what is wetland city accreditation

1. for how many years

2. given to whom

It provides an opportunity to gain international gain

1. 6 years

2. it is given to those cities which did great in wetland protection and restoration

New Ramsar Additions