Psycholgical treatments

2 psychological treatments for SZ

CBT

Family therapy

CBT won’t get rid of SZ symptoms but

make P more equipped to deal with them

How is CBT used for SZ?

Helps identify + change irrational beliefs

May involve argument or discussion of likelihood of beliefs being real + consideration of less threatening possibilities

What is

Helps identify + change irrational beliefs

May involve argument or discussion of likelihood of beliefs being real + consideration of less threatening possibilities

How CBT is used for SZ

How does CBT help SZ?

-Make sense of how delusions + hallucinations impact on feelings + behaviours

-Understanding of where symptoms are coming from

-Delusions challenged so individual can learn beliefs not based on reality

-Cognitive psychologists suggest strategies to help manage:

•positive self-talk

•self distraction strategies

•ways of drowning out voices

What is

-Make sense of how delusions + hallucinations impact on feelings + behaviours

-Understanding of where symptoms are coming from

-Delusions challenged so individual can learn beliefs not based on reality

-Cognitive psychologists suggest strategies to help manage:

•positive self-talk

•self distraction strategies

•ways of drowning out voices

How CBT helps SZ

3 strategies cognitive psychologists suggest to help manage

•positive self talk

•self distraction techniques

•ways to drown out voices when they occur

What is

•positive self talk

•self distraction techniques

•ways to drown out voices when they occur

3 strategies cognitive psychologists suggest to help manage

Issues w/ CBT

-Challenging paranoia may interfere with w/ freedom of thought

-Other treatments such as art therapy may be more beneficial

→ NICE recommends art therapy to help Ps express feelings thru diff mediums which may help w/ communication

What is

-Challenging paranoia may interfere with w/ freedom of thought

-Other treatments such as art therapy may be more beneficial

→ NICE recommends art therapy to help Ps express feelings thru diff mediums which may help w/ communication

2 issues w/ CBT

What is family therapy?

-Takes place w/ family + aims to improve quality of communication + interaction in family

-Reducing stress in family that could cause relapse

-Focus on reducing levels of EE

What is

-Takes place w/ family + aims to improve quality of communication + interaction in family

-Reducing stress in family that could cause relapse

-Focus on reducing levels of EE

Family therapy

How does family therapy help SZ?

Pharaoh et al (2010) identified the range of strategies family therapists use incl.:

-forming a therapeutic alliance w/ all family members

-reducing stress of caring for family member w/ SZ

-Improving family beliefs of SZ

Suggested strategies woek by reducing stress + EE whilst improving chnage of compliance w/ medicine

What is

Pharaoh et al (2010) identified the range of strategies family therapists use incl.:

-forming a therapeutic alliance w/ all family members

-reducing stress of caring for family member w/ SZ

-Improving family beliefs of SZ

Suggested strategies woek by reducing stress + EE whilst improving chnage of compliance w/ medicine

How family therapy works

Who identified the strategies family therapists use?

Pharaoh et al (2010)

3 strategies Pharaoh et al (2010) identified

-Forming therapeutic alliance w/ all family members

-Reducing stress of caring for family member w/ SZ

-Improving family beliefs of SZ

What is

-Forming therapeutic alliance w/ all family members

-Reducing stress of caring for family member w/ SZ

-Improving family beliefs of SZ

3 strategies Pharaoh et al (2010) identified family therapists use

When are token economies used to SZ patients?

In institutions

How are token economies used for SZ patients?

In institutions, particularly for those who developed maladaptive patterns of behaviour

Tokens (secondary reinforcer) given when desirable behaviour performed eg: bathing

Exchanged for tangible rewards eg: candy + cigarettes or services eg: room clean

Strength of psychological treatments

Family therapy useful for Ps who lack insight into condition or cant speak coherently about it

Strength of psychological treatment - Family therapy useful for Ps who lack insight into condition or cant soak coherently about it

P: Family therapy useful for Ps who lack insight into condition or cant speak coherently about it

E: Family members have lots of insight + info into Ps behaviour + mood so can speak for them

C: Family members relied on to provide necessary info to aid Ps recovery

CA: Can take autonomy away from Ps journey to recovery

3 limitations of psychological treatment

Can raise ethical issues

CBT not suitable for all Ps

Only help symptoms, dont cure

Limitation of psychological treatment - Can raise ethical issues

P: Can raise ethical issues

E: Token economies are controversial coz privileges more available to those w/ more mild SZ symptoms

C: Severely ill Ps suffer discrimination + som families have challenged legality of it, therefore reducing use of token economies

Limitaion of psychological treatment - CBT not suitable for all Ps

P: CBT not suitable for all Ps

E: Esp. not for those too disorientated, agitated or paranoid to form trusting alliance w/ practitioners. May be more suitable for those refusing drug treatments BUT those kind of P usually too highly disturbed to effectively undertake CBT

C: CBT not appropriate for all Ps, drugs better for some

Limitation of psychological treatment - Psychological therapies only help, not cure

P: Psychological therapies only help, not cure

E: CBT helps Ps make sense of symptoms + family therapies reduce stress of living w/ SZ + token economies make SZ behaviour more socially acceptable. All worth doing but dont CURE SZ

C: Bio treatments also dont cure but do help reduce severity of symptoms so may be more desirable