Inflammation Exemplars Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards focused on inflammatory conditions including Appendicitis, Celiac Disease, Gallbladder Disease, Hepatitis, IBD, and Pancreatitis based on the lecture materials.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, affecting over $5\%$ of the population and frequently requiring emergency abdominal surgery.

McBurney point

The location in the right iliac region, just below the ileocecal valve, where the appendix is located.

Fecalith

A hard mass of feces that can cause obstruction of the proximal lumen, leading to appendicitis.

Peritonitis

A serious complication that can occur if appendicitis is not treated or if an abscess or bowel perforation occurs.

Celiac disease

An autoimmune disease where the intestinal mucosa and microvilli of the small intestine are damaged by an immunological response to gluten.

Steatorrhea

Excess fat in the stool, which is a clinical manifestation associated with both celiac disease and chronic pancreatitis.

tTG-IgA

A laboratory test used to detect specific antibodies to diagnose celiac disease.

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

Specific markers used in genetic testing for celiac disease.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder that can be acute or chronic, often occurring due to obstruction by gallstones or biliary sludge.

Cholelithiasis

The formation of stones in the gallbladder that can obstruct the flow of bile.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

A pharmacologic therapy used to dissolve gallstones in clients who refuse surgery or are not surgical candidates.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The standard surgical management for the treatment of gallbladder disease.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses or toxic substances, leading to hepatic cell destruction and potentially cirrhosis or liver failure.

Icteric phase

A stage of hepatitis progression also known as the Clinical Jaundice phase.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A diagnostic lab test that shows the extent of liver impairment in hepatitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A group of disorders, including Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis, characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the bowel with periods of exacerbation and remission.

Crohn disease (Regional Enteritis)

An IBD that can affect any part of the GI system, extends through all layers of the intestinal wall, and often involves the distal ileum and proximal colon.

Ulcerative Colitis

An episodic chronic IBD that causes inflammation and ulcerations primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Toxic Megacolon

A potential complication of ulcerative colitis involves severe inflammation and rapid enlargement of the colon.

Sulfasalazine

A locally acting systemic anti-inflammatory medication used in the pharmacologic therapy of IBD.

Ileostomy

A surgical procedure where an opening is made in the ileum of the small intestine to eliminate feces.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas where early activation of enzymes causes the digestion of the pancreas and surrounding tissues.

Pancreatic amylase

A pancreatic enzyme responsible for breaking down starch.

Pancreatic lipase

A pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids.

Autodigestion

The process in acute pancreatitis where the pancreas self-destructs through its own proteolytic enzymes.

Pancreatic pseudocyst

A complication of chronic pancreatitis characterized by a fluid-filled sac that may require surgical drainage.